同源四倍体胡萝卜的减数分裂行为观察  

Meiosis of Pollen Mother Cells of Autotetraploid Carrot

作　　者：裴红霞[1] 庄飞云[1] 欧承刚[1] 赵志伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《园艺学报》2008年第12期1809-1814,共6页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目(2006BAD13B06);农业部‘948’项目(2006-G13);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(082060302-06);农业部园艺作物遗传改良重点开放实验室项目

摘　　要：以花药培养获得的同源四倍体胡萝卜(2n=4x=36)植株为试材,对其花粉母细胞减数分裂行为进行观察,发现其与正常二倍体胡萝卜存在较大差异:前减数分裂间期及前期Ⅰ部分花粉母细胞具有多核仁现象;终变期、中期Ⅰ除二价体外,还观察到单价体及多价体联会形式;中期Ⅰ和中期Ⅱ分别有23.00%和32.29%细胞存在一些染色体(1～6条)未排在赤道板上;中期Ⅰ染色体平均构型为0.86Ⅰ+4.01Ⅱ+2.99Ⅲ+1.89Ⅳ+0.81Ⅴ+1.09Ⅵ;后期Ⅰ、后期Ⅱ均观察到落后染色体或染色体桥现象,以及染色体分离多极化现象。由于其异常减数分裂行为,造成了四倍体胡萝卜的配子多样化,花粉畸形,育性低。Chromosomes behaviors of pollen mother cells （PMCs） of autotetraploid carrot （2n = 4x = 36） were observed using enzymes digestion technique. There were more than two nucleoli in about 4.58% PMCs at premeiotic interphase and prophase I. Besides bivalents, univalents and multivalents were observed at diakinesis and metaphase Ⅰ. Some chromosomes （about 1 to 6） were found not to rank on the metaphase plate in about 23.00% PMCs at metaphase Ⅰ and 32. 29% PMCs at metaphase Ⅱ, respectively. The average chromosome configuration was 0. 86Ⅰ ＋ 4. 01 Ⅱ ＋ 2.99 Ⅲ ＋ 1.89 Ⅳ ＋ 0. 81 Ⅴ ＋ 1.09 Ⅵ. Chromosome lagging, chromosome bridge and spindle mis-orientation were also observed. Abnormal chromosome behavior of PMCs was reason for polymorphism of male gametophytes and lower fertility of pollen in autotetraploid carrot.

关 键 词：胡萝卜 同源四倍体 减数分裂 

分 类 号：S631.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]