激光散射法对尿液中纳米微晶粒径及其分布的研究  

Research on Particle Size and Size Distribution of Nanocrystals in Urines by Laser Light Scattering Method

作　　者：万牡华[1] 赵美霞[1] 欧阳健明[1] 

机构地区：[1]暨南大学生物矿化与结石病防治研究所,广东广州510632

出　　处：《光谱学与光谱分析》2009年第1期217-221,共5页Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30672103);广东省科技攻关项目(2005B30701003);广州市重点科技项目(2001-Z-123-01)资助

摘　　要：泌尿系结石已经成为威胁人类健康的一种常见病、多发病,目前对其形成的机制尚不清楚。文章采用激光散射法测定了正常人尿液和尿石症患者尿液中纳米粒子的粒径和粒径分布,该方法快速准确、经济、容易操作。正常人尿液比尿石症患者尿液的稳定性好,归因于正常人尿液中纳米微晶尺寸分布均匀,不容易聚集,而尿石症患者尿液的纳米微晶尺寸分布不均匀,粒子间容易聚集而沉降。通过分析尿样稀释、离心或者用微孔滤膜过滤后体系的光强-自相关函数曲线,得到了制备稳定的尿样悬浮液的方法:尿样先稀释20%,然后离心或用1.2μm微孔滤膜过滤,可得到稳定的尿液悬浮液。激光散射法结果与TEM检测结果一致。从尿液中存在的范德华力、尿液粘度、酸碱性、离子强度、尿液中纳米微晶的表面电荷和Zeta电位等方面解释了尿液稳定的原因。In the present paper laser light scattering method was used to investigate the particle size and size distribution of nanoparticles simultaneously in urines of lithogenic patients and healthy persons.This method is economic,rapid,accurate and easy to operate.The results showed that healthy urines are more stable than lithogenic urines.In urines of healthy human,the ultrafine crystals were well scattered and not aggregated with a smaller size.However,the ultrafine crystals in lithogenic urine have a broad size distribution,which increases the aggregation trend of nanocrystals.Based on the intensity-autocorrelation curve,the stability of urine samples of both healthy human and lithogenic patients was comparatively investigated.The relationship between the measurement results and the methods of handling sample was studied. The results show that a stable urine sample can be obtained by diluting the urine with a ratio of 20%,then centrifuging it at 4 000 round per minute for 15 minutes or filtrating it with 1.2 μm cellulose acetate filter.The results of laser light scattering method are consistent with that obtained by transmission electron microscopy（TEM）.The reasons for the stability of urines are explained from the points of Van der Waals force,urine viscosity,pH value,ionic strength,surface charge and zeta potential of the ultrafine crystals,and so on.The results in this paper provide a new thought for preventing formation and recurrence of urinary stones.

关 键 词：激光散射法 纳米粒子 粒径分布 尿液 自相关函数曲线 

分 类 号：O433.5[机械工程—光学工程]