13种植物乙醇提取物对褐飞虱的生物活性研究  

Bioactivities of Ethanol Extracts from Thirteen Plants against Nilaparvata lugens (Stal)

作　　者：苏远萍[1] 杨长举[1] 华红霞[1] 蔡万伦[1] 林拥军[2] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学有害生物防治研究所,武汉430070 [2]华中农业大学生科院,武汉430070

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2009年第1期198-202,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：2008年公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费资助(编号200803003);湖北省农作物创新团队

摘　　要：【研究目的】筛选出一些对褐飞虱有较好生物活性的植物提取物,为深入开发用于褐飞虱的防治提供科学依据。【主要方法】用冷浸法提取13种植物的乙醇提取物,在室内对褐飞虱的成虫进行产卵忌避活性试验,对若虫进行触杀毒力试验。【主要结果】水菖蒲乙醇提取物的产卵忌避作用最好,24h的产卵忌避率可达99.16%;肉豆蔻乙醇提取物次之,24h的产卵忌避率为83.40%;紫芥乙醇提取物第三,24h的产卵忌避率为71.90%。在13种植物提取物中,花椒,石菖蒲,胡芦巴,水菖蒲和肉豆蔻5种乙醇提取物对褐飞虱若虫的触杀作用明显。在83.70μg/cm2的剂量处理下,24h后的校正死亡率均达80%以上。LD50值分别为37.95μg/cm2、41.84μg/cm2、43.71μg/cm2、46.33μg/cm2和61.48μg/cm2。【结论】这5种植物提取物对褐飞虱若虫有很好的触杀毒力,可利用开发研制成植物源杀虫剂。其中,水菖蒲,肉豆蔻对褐飞虱成虫的产卵还有很好的产卵忌避活性,还可考虑利用开发成昆虫趋避剂。[OBJECTIVE] screen out some plants extracts having better bioactivity on the brown planthooper, in order to exploit in-depth and then use for controlling the pest. [METHOD] use infusion extraction method to extract thirteen plants, and then use the extracts to determine the ovipositional deterrent activity against adults and the contact toxicity against nymphs. [RESULTS] the research showed that after 24 h treatment Acorus calamus had best ovipositional deterrent activity, as ODR was 99.16%. The follows were Myristicafiagrans and Brassica juncea, as ODR were 83.40% and 71.90%. In thirteen plants extracts, Zanthoxylum bungeanum, Acorus gramineus, Trigonella Foenum -graecum, Acorus calamus and Myristica fiagrans had better contact toxicity. At 83.70 μg/cm^2 treatment, the corrected mortality rates were more than 80% after 24h.And the values of LD50 of this five plants extracts were 37.95 μg/cm^2,41.84 μg/cm^2,43.71 μg/cm^2,46.33 μg/cm^2 and 61.48 μg/cm^2 respectively. [CONCLUSION] The five plants extracts above can be exploited to use as plant insecticide, for having better contact toxicity. Meanwhile, Acorus calamus and Myristicafiagrans also had better ovipositional deterrent activity. So they can also be exploited and used as effective deterrent.

关 键 词：植物提取物 褐飞虱 产卵忌避活性 触杀毒力 

分 类 号：S482.1[农业科学—农药学]