准噶尔盆地啮齿动物群落多样性与物种变化的分析  

Analysis of the rodent community diversity and species variation in the Junggar Basin

作　　者：张大铭[1] 艾尼瓦尔[1] 姜涛 蹇友里 

机构地区：[1]新疆大学生物系

出　　处：《生物多样性》1998年第2期92-98,共7页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：对准噶尔盆地的抽样调查，经聚类分析，该地区的鼠类可划分为４种群落：（１）以灰仓鼠（Ｃｒｉｃｅｔｕｌｕｓｍｉｇｒａｔｏｕｒｉｕｓ）＋小家鼠（Ｍｕｓｍｕｓｃｕｌｕｓ）为主的农田鼠类群落；（２）以红尾沙鼠（Ｍｅｒｉｏｎｅｓｅｒｙｔｈｒｏｕｒｕｓ）＋灰仓鼠为主的砾石荒漠鼠类群落；（３）以褐家鼠（Ｒａｔｕｓｎｏｒｖｅｇｉｃｕｓ）＋小家鼠为主的城镇居民点鼠类群落；（４）以子午沙鼠（Ｍ．ｍｅｒｉｄｉａｎｕｓ）＋三趾跳鼠（Ｄｉｐｕｓｓａｇｉｔｔａ）为主的梭梭荒漠鼠类群落。其群落多样性指数以群落（４）为最高（１．６７１），群落（３）最低（０．９７９）。随着人类经济活动的增长，荒漠被大量开垦为农田，以及新兴市镇的涌现，使得原来以沙鼠属（Ｍｅｒｉｏｎｅｓ）和跳鼠科（Ｄｉｐｏｄｉｄａｅ）为主要成分的荒漠鼠类群落逐渐被喜潮湿的灰仓鼠和小家鼠所替代，有些地区还出现了以褐家鼠为主的新格局。According to the results of sampling and cluster analysis, the rodent community in the Junggar Basin can be divided into four types: 1)farmland community dominated by Cricetulus migratorius and Mus musculus; 2)saxideserta community dominated by Meriones erythrourus and C.migratorius; 3)residential area community dominated by Rattus norvegiens [WTBZ]and Mus musculus; 4)haloxylon eremic community dominated by Dipus sagitta and Meriones meridianus. The community 4 has the highest species diversity (1.670), and 3 has the lowest (0.979). In pace with the human economic activities, the desert community dominated by jird and jerboa will be replaced by the damp community dominated by M.musculus and C.migratourius. The new community pattern is that R.norvegicus will play an important role in some urban areas.

关 键 词：鼠灰 群落结构 物种多样性 准噶尔盆地 

分 类 号：Q959.837[生物学—动物学]