新疆呼图壁绿洲外缘的琵琶柴生物生态学特性研究  

THE BIOECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF REAUMURIA SOONGORICA ON THE BORDER OF OASIS AT HUTUBI,XINJIANG

作　　者：马茂华[1] 孔令韶[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所

出　　处：《植物生态学报》1998年第3期237-244,共8页Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：琵琶柴（Ｒｅａｕｍｕｒｉａｓｏｏｎｇｏｒｉｃａ）为半灌木，株丛高平均为２４．３ｃｍ，冠幅和高与地上生物量的复相关系数为０．９２１，在０．００１水平上相关。主根随株龄的增加不断胀裂，下端逐渐枯萎、腐烂。侧根发达，几乎与地面平行伸展，长达１～２ｍ，有的在２ｍ以上。本区记载有９个琵琶柴群丛，群落种类组成贫乏，分布稀疏，结构简单；总覆盖度一般为１０％～１５％，有的达到３０％；生物量低。植株不同部位元素含量差异较大，叶中的Ｋ、Ｎａ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ含量较高，老枝中的Ｆｅ、Ａｌ含量较高，而Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ在根中含量最高；不同地点的琵琶柴叶中Ｂａ的含量变化较大，变异系数为１０９．７８％。元素含量的季节变化，Ｐ、Ｓ、Ｋ呈下降趋势；Ｎａ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ的季节变化随部位的不同而有所差异。琵琶柴叶中全盐量平均为２７．９１％，具有较高的Ｃｌ－和ＳＯ２－４含量；脯氨酸含量高达０．３２％；ｐＨ值为６．０４～７．０９。琵琶柴群落广泛分布于绿洲外缘的盐渍土和盐化灰漠土上，对荒漠的生态保护，防风固沙，牲畜冬春放牧等方面具有重要的生态经济意义。Averagely,Reaumuria soongorica is 24.3cm high.The multiple correlative coefficient between aerial biomass and length×width×height indicates a very significant correlation.The main roots constantly split,and the root′s lower tip gradually withered and rottened with aging,but its lateral ones developed very well,expanded 1～2m,sometimes more than 2m,and paralleled with the surface of the ground.In the community of R. soongorica,9 associations were investigated.This community has 10%～15% coverage normally and sometimes reached 30%.The biomass was lower.Elements in different parts of plant had different contents.K,Na,Ca,Mg in leaves,Fe and Al in oldtwigs,and Cu,Zn in roots had higher contents;Ba in leaves of R. soongorica at different areas had great variation,and its coefficient of variation was 109.78%.The seasonal changes of element contents in R. soongorica indicate that K,S and P were variable in different parts.The average total salt contents in leaves of R. soongorica was 27.9%. In soluble salt,Cl- and SO2-4 contents were very high and pH was from 6.04 to 7.09.The content of proline was about 0.32%.The R. soongorica community distributed broadly over the saline soil and salinized gray desert soil on the border of the oasis.It had ecological and economical significance to protect ecological environment of desert,to prevent windbreak,to fix sand,and to protect oasis from pasturing in winter and spring.

关 键 词：琵琶柴 生物生态学特性 元素 盐 新疆呼图壁 

分 类 号：S793.9[农业科学—林木遗传育种] Q948.113[农业科学—林学]