快速血浆反应素试验及酶联免疫吸附试验同步检测献血者梅毒血清效果评价  

Appraisal of RPR and TP-ELISA for Detecting Syphilis in Blood Donors

作　　者：程勤侦[1] 赵晓嘉[1] 陈宇宁[2] 

机构地区：[1]成都市血液中心,四川成都610041 [2]成都市新都区人民医院

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2009年第2期84-86,共3页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

摘　　要：目的探讨非特异和特异性梅毒抗体血清学方法筛查效果,为采供血机构选择梅毒筛查方法提供科学依据。方法同时采用快速血浆反应素试验(RPR)和梅毒螺旋体酶联免疫吸附试验(TP-ELISA)对48 235份献血者血液标本做筛查试验,对检出阳性标本用梅毒螺旋体明胶颗粒凝集试验(TPPA)进行确认。结果RPR法阳性率0.21%(103/48 235);TP-ELISA法阳性率0.42%(202/48 235),2方法差异有统计学意义(χ2=79.68,P<0.01)。经TPPA法确认187份梅毒阳性血标本中RPR法检出阳性率为52.41%(98/187),TP-ELISA法检出阳性率为96.26%(180/187),2法检出阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ2=94.23,P<0.01)。111份RPR法阴性、TP-ELISA法阳性血标本,经TPPA法确认为阳性89份;12份TP-ELISA法阴性、RPR法阳性血标本,经TPPA法确认为阳性7份。结论TP-ELISA法梅毒抗体检出率明显高于RPR法,但两法均存在漏检、假阴性或假阳性现象,若同时采用特异和非特异性2种血清学方法进行献血者血液梅毒筛查,可有效减少梅毒经输血传播,确保输血安全。Objective To analyse the effects of non-special and the special serological method for screening of syphilis, and to choose syphilis serological method for blood supply institutes. Method A total of 48 235 samples of blood donor were tested with RPR （ rapid plasma reaotive test） and TP-ELISA. The positive samples of both methods were retested with TPPA confirmed test kits. Results The positive rate of RPR was 0. 21% （ 103/48 235 ） , and the positive rate of TP-ELISA was 0. 42% （202/48 235）. There was significant difference in both methods （X^2 = 79.68, P 〈 0. 01 ）. Totally 187 samples were confirmed syphilis positive by TPPA, and of them, 98 samples was positive by RPR, accounting for 52.41% （98/187）. 180 samples was positive by TP-ELISA, accounting for 96.26% （180/187）. Both tests had significant difference （X^2 = 94.23, P 〈 0. 01）. A total of 111 negative samples by RPR, but positive by TP-ELISA, 89 samples were confirmed to be positive by TPPA. 12 negative samples by TP- ELISA, but positive by RPR, 7 samples were confirmed to be positive by TPPA. Conclusion The positive rate of the screening of anti-syphilis antibodies is higher by TP-ELISA than that by RPR, but both tests exist omission and false negative, or false positive. If both tests are used for syphilis screening simultaneously, they would reduce syphilis transmission, and improve blood safety.

关 键 词：献血者 梅毒/筛查 血清学方法/评价 

分 类 号：R377.1[医药卫生—病原生物学]