外来植物加拿大一枝黄花(Solidago canadensis)入侵的结构基础  

Invasive structural foundation of exotic plant Canada goldenrod

作　　者：王玉良[1] 高瑞如[2] 余玖银[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽科技学院生命科学学院,凤阳233100 [2]山西师范大学生命科学院,临汾041004

出　　处：《生态学报》2009年第1期108-119,共12页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(39730100,30070640);安徽省教育厅自然科学基金资助项目(KJ2008B07ZC);安徽科技学院专项基金资助项目(ZRC200436,ZRC200425)

摘　　要：采用野外观察、光镜、扫描电镜等手段,对入侵皖北的加拿大一枝黄花形态解剖结构进行了研究,并藉此理解该物种入侵适应的结构基础。结果表明:叶的上、下表皮的气孔数目均较少,具有厚的角质层和长的表皮毛,能起到保水和保护作用;叶片内有发达维管束和束鞘延伸,增加了叶片对光合产物的输导能力,以满足地下营养器官发育的需要。茎具有较强输导和支持能力的结构特征。主根过早停止发育,以适应地下逸生结构发育的需要。加拿大一枝黄花花期、花序结构和未能与本地昆虫建立固定访问关系使部分头状花序不育,成熟花粉粒外有胼胝质包被,有利于花粉传播,其花粉粒属于较为进化的类型;根状茎含较多菊糖,具备成为独立散布体的物质和结构基础。The morphogenesis of Canada goldenrod growing in north of Anhui province,China,was analyzed by light microscope（LM）,scanning electron microscope（SEM） and field observations in order to comprehensively understand the invasive structural foundation of the species.The results showed that the leaf has less stomata both on its upper and lower epidermis,cover with thick cuticle and long epidermal hairs to guard against water-losing;the structure of the leaf with well-developed vascular bundles and bundle sheath extension improves the conducting capability of photosynthetic products to meet the developmental needs of underground vegetative organs.The stem has structural characters of high ability to transport and support.The main root is prematurely developed to suit for the development of adventitious structures underground.Mature pollen grain belonging to evolutional type are enveloped by callose,which is propitious to pollination,but it′s florescence,inflorescence composing and not to establish relationship to native pollinator result in some capitulums infertile.The rhizome containing a high content of inulin has the material and structural basis to be the independent diasporas.

关 键 词：加拿大一枝黄花 入侵植物 结构特征 适应 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]