蚜虫雄蚜与雌性母对性信息素及植物挥发物的田间反应  

Responses of aphid males and gynoparae to sex pheromones and plant volatiles in the field

作　　者：董文霞[1,2] 张峰[2,3] 阚炜[2] 张钟宁[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院茶叶研究所,杭州310008 [2]中国科学院动物研究所,农业虫鼠害综合治理研究国家重点实验室,北京100101 [3]CABI中国项目办公室,北京100081

出　　处：《生态学报》2009年第1期178-184,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(39570116);北京市自然科学基金资助项目(6972013)

摘　　要：田间观察了桃蚜Myzus persicae(Sulzer)、绣线菊蚜Aphis spiraecolaPatch、山楂圆疣蚜Ovatus crataegarius(Walker)等3种蚜虫对性信息素[(4aS,7S,7aR)-荆芥内酯和(1R,4aS,7S,7aR)-荆芥醇]的反应,并且调查了性信息素与植物挥发物对桃蚜的田间引诱活性的相互作用。在有冬寄主或夏寄主植物的田中,性信息素诱捕器诱捕到桃蚜雄蚜与雌性母的数量显著多于对照诱捕器的诱捕数;但在非寄主植物的田中,却引诱不到桃蚜。苯甲醛(冬寄主植物桃树Prunus persica的主要挥发物组分之一)能够增强桃蚜雄蚜的引诱作用。绣线菊蚜雄蚜和雌性母对植物中提取的荆芥内酯有反应,而山楂圆疣蚜雄蚜和雌性母对植物中提取的和人工合成的荆芥内酯都没有反应,但对荆芥醇有反应。并且在荆芥醇中添加荆芥内酯之后对山楂圆疣蚜雄蚜引诱活性显著提高。还讨论了雌性蚜产生化合物被雄蚜作为性信息素、被雌性母作为聚集信息素以及性信息素与寄主植物挥发物的相互作用。Field observations were made on the responses of males and gynoparae of three aphid species,Myzus persicae（Sulzer）,Aphis spiraecola Patch and Ovatus crataegarius（Walker） to sex pheromone components,（4aS,7S,7aR）-nepetalactone and（1R,4aS,7S,7aR）-nepetalactol.The interaction between sex pheromone components and plant volatiles for field attraction of M.persicae was also investigated.Males and gynoparae of M.persicae were caught in significantly larger numbers in pheromone traps than control traps at sites with their primary or secondary hosts,but not at sites with their non-host plants.For males of M.persicae,the attractancy of sex pheromone components was enhanced by the addition of benzaldehyde,a major component of the volatiles from an extract of the host,Prunus persica.A.spiraecola males and gynoparae responded to the plant-derived nepetalactone,while O.crataegarious males and gynoparae showed no response to the nepetalactone（plant-derived or synthesised） alone but were attracted by the nepetalactol.Moreover,the attractiveness of nepetalactol to O.crataegarious males was significantly enhanced by addition of the nepetalactone.The female-produced compounds are shown to act as a sex pheromone for males and an aggregation pheromone for gynoparae,and the interaction of the sex pheromone with host plant volatiles is discussed.

关 键 词：蚜虫 雄蚜 雌性母 田间试验 性信息素 植物挥发物 

分 类 号：S433[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]