卧龙自然保护区与当地社区关系模式探讨  

Discussion about the relationship pattern between Wolong Nature Reserve and local community

作　　者：刘静[1] 苗鸿[1] 郑华[1] 欧阳志云[1] 王效科[1] 李晓光[1] 江波[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085

出　　处：《生态学报》2009年第1期259-271,共13页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(70573105);亚欧水资源可持续利用平台建设资助项目(No.510897)

摘　　要：针对目前国内外广泛出现的保护区与当地社区的矛盾冲突,研究以四川卧龙国家级自然保护区(以下简称卧龙保护区)为例,从就业机会、野生动物的破坏及补偿、对资源利用的限制、旅游的开展、社区参与、家畜的饲养和放牧、非木林产品的采集、狩猎、农业活动和传统保护等10个方面,向卧龙保护区内的农户、管理人员、个体经营者和游客等4类人群发放调查问卷,对卧龙保护区与当地社区之间的关系模式(包括发展协调型、社区不利型、保护区不利型和冲突竞争型)及其管理现状和存在的问题进行深入探讨。结果表明,4类人群对卧龙保护区与当地社区关系模式的界定有显著差异(P<0.05),但皆以发展协调型为主导模式。卧龙保护区对当地社区的影响主要是:提高当地知名度、发展旅游业提高收入、限制资源的利用等;当地社区对卧龙保护区的影响主要是:协助保护野生动植物、参加联防工作、放牧破坏生物生境等。影响卧龙保护区与当地社区之间关系的主要因素是:政策、旅游和社区活动。建议建立专职的社区共管部门,聘请当地居民参与生态旅游,并设立野生动物破坏补偿委员会。对卧龙保护区与当地社区关系的评价便于管理人员整体把握各项社区管理措施的管理成效,从关系模式的主要影响因素着手,提高保护区的社区管理水平。In recent decades,the conflict between reserves and local communities has attracted worldwide attention.Using Wolong National Nature Reserve（WNR） in Sichuan Province as an example,in terms of employment opportunity,intensity of wildlife destruction and compensation,restrictions on the resource utilization,tourism,community participation,breeding and grazing,forest products collection,hunting,agricultural activities,and traditional conservation,four stakeholders,including local farmers,government managers,local businessmen,and tourists in WNR,were interviewed through a questionnaire survey.The aim was to investigate the relationship patterns（including harmonious development,community-damaged,reserve-damaged,and conflict competition,based on different evaluation results）,the current status and considerable problems in the management of Wolong.Results showed that there are significant differences among the stakeholders in terms of their relationship patterns to WNR（P〈0.05）.However,all of the stakeholders interviewed generally considered that the master relationship pattern between WNR and local people was harmonious-development pattern.In addition,the main influences of WNR on indigenous people are increasing the reputation of Wolong,increasing household income by developing tourism,and placing limits on their using of natural resources.On the other hand,local residents often assisted the reserve in protecting and monitoring wildlife,and participated in joint defence.But the extensive grazing has damaged and interrupted natural habitats severely.Thus,policy,tourism,and activities of local community are the main factors influencing the relationship between WNR and local community.To accomplish harmony and sustainability in WNR,we suggested establishing a specialized department taking charge of community co-management,employing indigenous people to participate in ecotourism,and creating a compensation committee to handle crop destructions caused by wild animals to local family.Finally,the evaluation syst

关 键 词：自然保护区 社区 卧龙 关系模式 发展协调 

分 类 号：Q16[生物学—普通生物学]