氨氧化微生物生态学与氮循环研究进展  

Advances in ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms and global nitrogen cycle

作　　者：贺纪正[1] 张丽梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085

出　　处：《生态学报》2009年第1期406-415,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40601049,40701087,50621804);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向性资助项目(KZCX2-YW-408,KZCX1-YW-0603)

摘　　要：氮的生物地球化学循环主要由微生物驱动,除固氮作用、硝化作用、反硝化作用和氨化作用外,近年还发现厌氧氨氧化是微生物参与氮循环的一个重要过程。同时,随着宏基因组学等分子生物技术的快速发展和应用,参与氮循环的新的微生物类群——氨氧化古菌也逐渐被发现。这两个重要的发现大大改变了过去人们对氮循环的认识,就近年有关厌氧氨氧化细菌、氨氧化古菌和氨氧化细菌的生态学研究进展作一简要综述。The global nitrogen biogeochemical cycling processes are predominantly driven by bacteria including： N2 fixation,nitrification,denitrification,ammonification,and a new process,anaerobic ammonia oxidation（Anammox）,which is a more recently described bacterial contribution to the nitrogen cycle.With the development and application of metagenomics and other molecular approaches,new ＂players＂ in the nitrogen cycle-ammonia oxidizing archaea（AOA） have also been identified.Our understanding of nitrogen cycling processes and the microorganisms that mediate them has been greatly improved with these two major breakthroughs in recent years.This review summarized some major advances in the microbial ecology of anaerobic,archaeal,and bacterial ammonia oxidisers.

关 键 词：氮循环 氨氧化作用 厌氧氨氧化作用 中温泉古菌 氨氧化细菌 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]