基于模型和物质流分析方法的食物链氮素区域间流动——以黄淮海区为例  

Nitrogen flow in food chain among regions based on MFA and model:a case of Huang-Huai-Hai Plain

作　　者：马林[1,2] 魏静[1] 王方浩[2] 高利伟[1] 赵路[1] 马文奇[1] 张福锁[2] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境学院,保定071001 [2]教育部植物土壤相互作用重点实验室,中国农业大学资源与环境学院,中化化肥农大研发中心,北京100094

出　　处：《生态学报》2009年第1期475-483,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：科技部支撑资助项目(2006BAD05B04);国家自然科学基金资助项目(30571087);国家农业部948资助项目(2006-G60)

摘　　要：研究利用养分流动的方法建立区域氮素流动模型,试图分析氮素养分在区域间的流动状况。以黄淮海区为例,提出氮素调控策略。结果表明:2005年,黄淮海区化肥、饲料、植物食物和动物食物氮素盈缺率分别为33%、-120%、38%和65%。养分势是区域食物链养分流动的原动力,此外,人口数、城镇化率、耕地面积、GDP、运输距离、运价、市场价格和政府调控等也是影响食物链氮素养分在区域间流动的重要因素。2005年,黄淮海区是化肥、食物氮素的源,而是饲料氮素的汇。北京地区无论化肥、饲料和食物氮素都为汇。北京地区单位耕地承载外地区调入的氮素养分负荷为872 kg/hm2。即使这些养分全部在本区域返还农田还存在很大的环境风险。因此,对环北京都市圈食物链氮素养分应该进行区域间协同管理。As an important component of protein and an essential element for plants,animals and human beings,adequate supply of nitrogen in the crop production-animal production-food-household consumption system is necessary.In addition,because of the imbalance of nitrogen between production and consumption,a large amount of nitrogen frequently flows in different regions.Huang-Huai-Hai,located in the east of China,is an important base of agricultural products.And with the increasing food demand of Beijing and Tianjin,the nutrient flows between different provinces of Huang-Huai-Hai are common.Material Flow Analysis（MFA） is a cluster of various kinds of analytical methods,which has been extensively used in environmental assessment.MFA approach is based on input output analysis（IOA） and has been extended to various sections.Based on MFA approach,the model of nitrogen flow among regions was established and the mount of nitrogen flow in ＂resources-fertilizer-farmland-livestock-family-environment＂ system was obtained.The surplus and deficiency rate of fertilizer、feed、plant food and animal food was 33%、-120%、38%、65% respectively in 2005 in Huang-Huai-Hai.The driving force of nutrient flow in local food chain is the potential nutrient.But the factor of population、urbanization、arable land area、GDP、transport distance、transport price、market price and policy etc also have influence on it.In 2005,the area of Huang-Huai-Hai is the source of nitrogen of fertilizer and food,and the sink of nitrogen of feed.But in Beijing,nitrogen of fertilizer,food and feed all is the sink.The average cropland load of nitrogen which comes from other provinces is 872 kg/hm^2,which still have a lot of risk to environment even though all this nitrogen been returned to the cropland.So the collaborative management of nutrient should be carry on in Beijing-Tianjin metropolis circle immediately.

关 键 词：黄淮海 驱动机理 养分循环 养分资源管理 模型 

分 类 号：Q178[生物学—水生生物学]