同源四倍体结球甘蓝胚胎发育和结实性研究  

Study on embryo development and seed set of autotetraploid cabbage

作　　者：轩淑欣[1] 罗双霞[1] 张成合[1] 申书兴[1] 王彦华[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学园艺学院,河北保定071001

出　　处：《河北农业大学学报》2009年第1期14-18,共5页Journal of Hebei Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30270915);河北省自然科学基金项目(2006000416)

摘　　要：利用Flankling荧光染色和石蜡切片技术观察了同源四倍体和二倍体结球甘蓝的授粉受精及胚胎发育过程，探讨了同源四倍体结籽率降低的原因。结果表明：四倍体结球甘蓝自交授粉后部分胚囊能够正常受精和胚胎发育，最终形成正常的种子；但与二倍体相比，四倍体雌蕊柱头上花粉萌发量相对较少，进入花粉管的胚珠数和完成受精的胚珠率明显降低；胚胎发育进程一般晚2～3d；胚乳发育无明显的细胞化阶段。因此认为导致结球甘蓝四倍体结籽率降低的主要原因是四倍体花粉在其柱头上的萌发率和胚囊正常受精率都较低所致。Pollination, fertilization and embryo development of the diploid and autotetraploid cabbage were studied by fluorescing observation and paraffin slicing technique, and the reasons of lower seed setting of autotetraploid cabbage were discussed. The results indicated that some embryo-sacs of self-pollinated autotetraploid cabbage gave normal fertilization and embryonic development and finally set seeds normally. However, amount of germinated pollens on stigmas, the rate of ovules with the pollen tube and the rate of ovules finished double fertilization of autotetraploid were all lower significantly than that of diploid; and each stage of embryo development in tetraploid was late about 2 - 3 d when compared with diploid; the development of endosperm had no obvious cellular stage but was accordant with that of embryo. Thus, the lower seed setting of tetraploid mainly resulted from lower amount of germinated pollens and lower fertilization rate of female gametes and male gametes in embryosacs.

关 键 词：结球甘蓝 同源四倍体 授粉受精 胚胎发育 结籽率 

分 类 号：S634.1[农业科学—蔬菜学] S635.1[农业科学—园艺学]