益生菌对海水虾池浮游生物的生态调控效果研究  

The effects of probiotics on plankton ecological characteristics in shrimp maricultural ponds

作　　者：张汉华[1] 李卓佳[1] 郭志勋[1] 曹煜成[1] 贾晓平[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部渔业生态环境重点开放实验室中国水产科学研究院水产种质资源与养殖技术重点开放实验室中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,广东广州510300

出　　处：《海洋科学》2009年第1期12-20,共9页Marine Sciences

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2007ZD01);广东省2000年科技创新百强项目(2KB05401N);广东省重大科技专项(2004A30501001)

摘　　要：研究了益生菌对海水虾池浮游生物的生态调控效果。通过对对虾养殖系统中浮游动物与浮游植物进行为期3个月的监测,结果表明试验池的浮游植物数量表现为前期低,种类以硅藻类为主,中期迅速增长,后期达顶峰,并维持在70×106～160×106个/L的水平,种类则以绿藻类为主;不施加益生菌制剂的对照池则在后期出现较大比例的有害的蓝藻类,而试验池的蓝藻类只占较少的数量,说明益生菌群能抑制蓝藻类的繁殖,促进有益藻类生长;同时试验虾池浮游动物的数量也保持稳定增长态势,并在养殖后期维持在顶峰水平,密度达到25×103～30×103个/m3,种类以广盐、适低盐的沿岸种为主,优势种明显,而对照池的浮游动物数量较低且起伏较大。浮游动物与浮游植物的数量变动趋势基本一致,两者之间呈现较为密切的线性关系,两者之间的线性系数平均为0.724;多样性指数在1.1～1.6之间,低于自然海区;种类均匀度则较高,与自然海区相当,在0.5～0.7之间,试验池比对照池的养殖效果好。The influences of probiotics on ecological characteristics of plankton in the shrimp maricultural ponds, including zooplankton and phytoplankton, had been studied for three months. The results showed that phytoplankton densities were lower in prophase and dominant species was diatom, but it increased rapidly in metaphase and reached a maximum in anaphase, biomasses of phytoplankton were 70×10^6--160 × 10^6cells/L, the dominant species also became chlorophyta. Compared with test ponds, Cyanophyta biomass of control ponds increased rapidly at later culture stage, it was indicated that bacillus could inhibit the Cyanophyta reproduction, and promote the growth of beneficial algae. Zooplankton densities of test ponds increased steadily, biomasses were 25×10^3-30× 10^3Ind/m^3, and maintained the highest level in metaphase and anaphase, the main species were euryhalinous and coastal species and the dominant species were very evident. However, in the control ponds, the zooplankton biomasses were relative lower and not stable. There was a close linear relationship between zooplankton and phytoplankton, the density changing trend was similar, and the average linear correlativity coefficient was 0.724. The diversity index ranged from 1.1 to 1.6, lower than nature waters and species evenness was higher at 0.5-0.7, similar to natural waters. In conclusion, the effects of shrimp culture in test ponds were better than that of control ponds.

关 键 词：益生菌 海水虾池 浮游生物 多样性指数 优势种 

分 类 号：S968.22[农业科学—水产养殖]