优秀射箭运动员大赛前脑机能特点的研究  

Research on Brain Function Feature of Elite Archery Athlete before Major Competition

作　　者：何洋[1] 王霆[1] 石岩[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西大学体育学院,山西太原030006

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2009年第1期83-87,93,共6页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：国家体育总局奥运科研攻关项目(05081)

摘　　要：通过对3场国际比赛前射箭运动员脑电监测结果的对比分析,发现国家射箭队运动员表象和过度换气状态时具有良好的适应力和调节能力。专项训练对运动员大脑的刺激有特异性。射箭项目运动员最佳竞技状态脑电功率谱比值低于射击,而α波抑制程度高于射击运动员,说明在诊断运动员竞技状态时要科学地借鉴其他项目的评价标准,但不可盲目使用。射箭运动员赛前脑机能的水平对射箭比赛成绩有一定影响,但存在个体差异。一味提高射箭运动员赛前α波抑制程度、功率谱比值并不能有效地提高比赛成绩。应加强每一个运动员临界水平的监测,科学确定每一个运动员的临界值,特别是老运动员应在训练中区别对待。在奥运会上射出660环以上成绩的优秀运动员表象状态时心理能量基本趋于稳定、动作协调、时间空间感觉均衡、注意力集中。赛前脑电指标值可作为她们(国家射箭女队重点运动员)备战北京奥运会的评定标准,也可作为其他运动员的赛前参考值。Through the contrast analysis of archery athletes pre-competition EEG monitoring result in three international competitions, this paper found out that the athletes in national archery team had good adapt and adjustment ability in image condition and excessive air exchange. Specific training had the unusual features to stimulate the brain of athletes. In the best athletic conditioning, brain electric power spectrum ratio of archery was lower than shooting, while the restrained degree of α wave was higher than shooting athletes, it showed that judging the athletic state had to scientifically use the other items＇ evaluation standard for reference, but no blindly use. The archery athletes ＇ brain function level of pre-competition influenced the performance, but exited individual difference. Enhancing a wave restrained degree and power spectrum ratio of pre-competition cannot improve the performance. We should enhance critical level monitoring of the archery athlete and set critical for every athlete, especially for the elder athletes. In the image condition,athletes above 660 links kept a good state in psychological energy, movement, time and space sense and attentions. The brain function index of pre-competition can be the standard of to evaluate preparation effect for Beijing Olympic Games of key female athletes in national team, also for other athletes.

关 键 词：射箭 优秀运动员 赛前 脑机能特点 诊断 中国 

分 类 号：G887[文化科学—体育训练]