民机驾驶舱工效布局虚拟评价  

Ergonomic virtual assessment for cockpit layout of civil aircraft

作　　者：苏润娥[1] 薛红军[1] 宋笔锋[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北工业大学航空学院,西安710072

出　　处：《系统工程理论与实践》2009年第1期186-191,共6页Systems Engineering-Theory & Practice

摘　　要：通过对某型民机驾驶舱的布局进行计算机虚拟工效评价,提出了一种基于虚拟设计的民机驾驶舱工效布局评价方法.利用.wrl格式,实现了民机驾驶舱三维模型在CATIA和JACK环境的转化,关键信息损失较少,不影响工效评价,再通过JACK进行优化处理,以备后续工效评价;参照我国飞行员人体尺寸数据,创建了1%,50%和99%飞行员人体模型,并根据对飞行员访谈确定的适用于民机操作的关节舒适角范围及最舒适驾驶姿势,通过人体模型对民机驾驶舱的虚拟操作,分别评价了驾驶舱内主要设备:座椅、仪表板、遮光罩、方向舵踏板、操纵杆(盘)、中央控制台、顶部仪表板的布局工效。得到了各设备工效布局评价的结果,并提出了改进建议.这种预先在虚拟设计中进行的布局评价方法,能够将人的因素提前考虑到设计之中,设计出的驾驶舱更加符合以人为中心的设计理念,减少了设计返工带来的周期延长和费用增加问题,大大提高了设计效率.An ergonomic assessment method for cockpit layout of civil aircraft based on virtual design was put forward in the paper through evaluation to a certain cockpit. 3D model of cockpit was translated from CATIA to JACK using .wrl format, pivotal information of model was lost less, the translation didn＇t affect ergonomic estimate, then the model was optimized through JACK preparing for later ergonomic appraisement; Human model, built from Chinese pilot of 1%, 50%, 99%, was used in cockpit ergonomic analysis according to Chinese pilot dimensions data, furthermore comfort angel ranges and most comfort posture was built for fit analysis through visiting with pilots, by virtual controlling human model to devices of cockpit, layout assessment was carried out to seat, rudder pedal, stick, lens hood, center console and top panel. Result of appraisement to every device was educed, and some advices for improvement were also given. This layout assessment method carried beforehand in virtual design phase made human factors considered into design in advance, ultimate cockpit would meet design philosophy centered on human, and the problems such as delaying period and increasing expense for doing poorly done work over again were reduced, design efficiency was improved greatly.

关 键 词：布局 工效评价 驾驶舱 民机 JACK 

分 类 号：R857[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]