不同施肥方式对水稻产量构成及其稳定性的影响  

Effect of different fertilization systems on rice yield components and their stability

作　　者：胡建利[1,2] 王德建[1] 王灿[1] 孙瑞娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所常熟农业生态国家野外研究站,南京210008 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2009年第1期48-53,共6页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2005CB121107);国家科技支撑计划课题(2006BAJ10B06);江苏省太湖专项(BS2007164)资助

摘　　要：以中国科学院常熟农业生态站的养分循环长期定位试验为研究平台,利用单个生长季的数据研究不同施肥制度对水稻产量构成(单穴有效穗数、单穗粒重和单穴产量)及其稳定性的影响,并通过回归分析方法对产量构成及其稳定性与水稻孕穗期植株的养分含量关系进行了研究。结果表明:氮肥有利于水稻有效穗数的形成,N处理的单穴有效穗数比CK处理多4.2穗,比NP和NPK处理分别多0.9穗和0.7穗;施用氮肥显著降低水稻单穗粒重,氮磷配施可以协调水稻单穴有效穗数和单穗产量之间的矛盾,获得较高的单穴产量。施用猪粪可以增加水稻的单穴有效穗数和单穴产量,但不会降低水稻的单穗平均粒重。施肥处理仅对水稻单穴有效穗数的稳定性产生显著影响,对单穴产量和单穗平均粒重的稳定性没有显著影响。CK、N、NP、NPK处理单穴有效穗数的变异系数分别为19.5%、17.9%、18.3%和22.9%,施用钾肥会显著增加水稻单穴有效穗数空间变异。施用猪粪对3个指标的稳定性影响不显著。水稻3个产量构成因素及单穴有效穗数标准差与水稻孕穗期茎秆和根系养分含量间具有较好的线性拟合关系,单穴有效穗数变异系数与水稻植株钾含量正相关。Rice yield components including productive tillers per hill, average yield per panicle and yield per hill under different fertilization systems were researched into in a long-term nutrient recycling experiment at the Changshu National Agroecological Experimental Station （31°33＇ N, 123°38＇ E）. The indices for yield-related traits were collected in a single rice growing season and regression analysis used to determine the quantitative relationship between nutrient content in the rice plants at booting stage and the yield components and their stability. Results of the study show that nitrogen fertilizer favors productive tiller number increase, but dramatically inhibits per panicle average yield. Average productive tillers per hill under N treatment are 4.2, 0.9 and 0.7 higher than under CK, NP and NPK respectively. The application of nitrogen along with phosphorus eliminates the conflict between productive tillers and per panicle average yield and therefore boosts per hill yield of rice. Productive tillers and per hill yield of rice increase with the addition of pig manure, but per panicle average yield does not significantly change. Only the stability of per hill productive tillers is significantly affected by chemical fertilizer treatments. The other two yield components are not affected by chemical fertilizer or pig manure treatments. Average coefficient of variation of productive tillers under CK, N, NP and NPK are 19.5%, 17.9%, 18.3% and 22.9% respectively. Thus potassium fertilization increases productive tillers CV. There is a good fit of the linear regression model for yield-related trait indices and N and K contents of plants at booting stage. The average CV of productive tillers is directly related with K content of rice plant.

关 键 词：化肥 猪粪 水稻 产量构成 空间变异 

分 类 号：S147.21[农业科学—肥料学]