恶性杂草马齿苋(Portulaca oleracea)种子萌发特性的研究  

Studies on the characteristics of seed germination of a vicious weed species,common purslane

作　　者：杨彩宏[1] 冯莉[1] 岳茂峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所杂草研究室,广州510640

出　　处：《植物保护》2009年第1期62-65,共4页Plant Protection

基　　金：广东省科技计划项目(2007A020100004-6);广东省农科院科技计划项目(07-支撑-20)

摘　　要：为了明确恶性杂草马齿苋种子的萌发特性,本文研究了温度、光照、pH、水势、盐分及土层深度对其种子萌发的影响。结果表明:马齿苋种子在光照L∥D=14h∥10h、温度白天32℃,晚上28℃的变温条件下萌发率最高,为92%。马齿苋种子萌发适宜的酸碱度范围较宽,在5<pH<10范围内,60%以上的种子均可萌发。马齿苋种子萌发率在水势为0～-0.8MPa范围内从89.17%降低至43.33%,即马齿苋种子在较干旱的环境下仍可以萌发。马齿苋种子耐盐性较强,当NaCl浓度为160mmol/L时,其种子萌发率仍高达53.33%。当马齿苋种子位于土壤表层时,其萌发率最高,达90.83%,土层深度的增加会严重抑制其萌发生长。说明马齿苋种子的萌发受环境影响较大,掌握各种环境因子对其种子的影响,采取并制定有效的综合管理措施以遏制其进一步危害叶菜类蔬菜。The seed germination behavior of common purslane （Portulaca oleracea）, a vicious weed species in flowering Chinese cabbage, was investigated in Guangdong. The effects of temperature, light, pH, osmotic stress, salt stress, and soil depth on seed germination were studied. The results showed that the optimum day/night temperature for seed germination of Portulaca oleracea was 32/28℃ and 14L： 10D. Over 60 % of seeds were germinated between pH 5.0-- 10.0, and no seed germination at pH 4.0. The seed germination of Portulaca oleracea reached 43.33% under a high osmotic potential of--0. 8 MPa, which could germinate （53.33%） even at 160 mmol/L NaCl, indicating that Portulaca oleracea was quite tolerant to arid and salty environments. Seedling emergence was at its maximum （90.83%） on the soil surface but declined significantly with the increase of soil depth. These results indicated that environmental factors have significant influences on seed germination of Portulaca oleracea, and more knowledge about them can lead us to develop an integrated weed management strategy in flowering Chinese cabbage fields and prevent further damages.

关 键 词：马齿苋 温度 光照 pH 水分胁迫 盐胁迫 土层深度 萌发 

分 类 号：S330.2[农业科学—作物遗传育种]