甘蓝类蔬菜小孢子再生植株染色体倍性与气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数的相关性  

Relationship Between the Ploidy Level of Microspore-Derived Plants and the Number of Chloroplast in Stomatal Guard Cells in Brassica oleracea

作　　者：袁素霞[1] 刘玉梅[1] 方智远[1] 杨丽梅[1] 庄木[1] 张扬勇[1] 孙培田[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2009年第1期189-197,共9页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30871708);国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2008BADB1B02;2006BAD01A7;2006BAD13B06);国家"863"计划项目(2007AA10Z174;2006AA100108);农业部公益性行业专项(nyhyzx07-007);农业部"948"项目(2006-G-13A);农业部蔬菜遗传与生理重点开放实验室项目

摘　　要：【目的】研究甘蓝类蔬菜游离小孢子再生植株的染色体倍性与气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数的相关性,为甘蓝类蔬菜提供一种快速、简易、经济、实用而又可靠的倍性鉴定方法。【方法】采用分布型分析和t测验,对结球甘蓝、青花菜和芥蓝不同倍性的小孢子再生植株的气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数进行统计分析。以根尖染色体计数法和田间形态学观察法的倍性鉴定结果,对叶绿体数分界法的可靠性进行验证。【结果】同一倍性植株上的不同叶片间及同一叶片的不同部位间,气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数平均值及变异幅度非常接近。同一小孢子再生植株群体内的不同倍性植株的叶绿体数平均值差异极显著。不同倍性植株间的气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数均呈正态分布。本研究提出了一种根据甘蓝类蔬菜气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数进行染色体倍性鉴定的方法,即气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数≤10的为单倍体,10<叶绿体数≤15的为二倍体,>15的为多倍体。该方法经花期形态学观察和根尖染色体计数法验证,其吻合率达93.93%,且此倍性鉴定方法稳定,不受植株生长环境等外界因素影响。【结论】甘蓝类蔬菜游离小孢子再生植株的染色体倍性,可于幼苗期根据气孔叶绿体数目的多少进行鉴定,而且此倍性鉴定方法简单、快捷、经济而又可靠。[Objective] The relationship between the ploidy level of microspore-derived plants and chloroplast number in stomatal guard cells was studied in cabbage, broccoli and Chinese kale. [Method] Distribution statistics analysis and t-test were used to perform statistical analysis on chloroplast number of different ploidy levels in those stomatal guard cells mentioned above, and morphology identifying and chromosome counting were used to test accuracy of counting chloroplast number in stomatal guard cells. [ Result ] The chloroplast average number in stomatal guard cells was very similar among the different leaf positions on the same plant and among the different locations in the same leaf, while the chloroplast number varied significantly among the different ploidy stoma in the same variety. All the distributions of the chloroplast number in different ploidy stoma were normal distribution fitted. A correlation has been established between ploidy and chloroplast number in the stomatal guard cells. In every single stoma of microspore-derived plants, the chloroplast number for a haploid should not be more than 10, that for diploids should be 11 to 15, and polyploids should be more than 15. The accuracy of this method for identification of different ploidy plants was 93.93%. Further more, the accuracy of this method was reliable and did not vary with the plants growth conditions. [Conclusion] Therefore, the chromosome ploidy of plants derived from microspore culture in cabbage, broccoli and Chinese kale can be identified by simply counting the chloroplast number in stomatal guard cells.

关 键 词：甘蓝 青花菜 芥蓝 气孔保卫细胞 叶绿体数 倍性鉴定 

分 类 号：S635[农业科学—蔬菜学]