北京东灵山地区农耕干扰和环境梯度对植物多样性的影响  

Effects of Anthropogenic Disturbance and Environmental Pattern on Plant Diversity in Dongling Mountain,Beijing,China

作　　者：高俊峰[1,2] 马克明[1] 祁建[1] 冯云[1] 冯宗炜[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心系统生态重点实验室,北京100085 [2]国家林业局调查规划设计院,北京100714

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2008年第12期2506-2513,共8页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30470315)

摘　　要：于北京东灵山地区,选取10条样带、94个样方、15个环境因子,采用主成分分析和相关分析研究了东灵山地区人为干扰(如农耕)及其造成的环境条件变化对植物α多样性的影响.(1)调查结果表明:植物群落可归入4类土地利用类型(农田、撂荒地、灌丛和林地)中;(2)主成分分析和相关分析表明:2个主成分(地形和土壤因子)影响着植物群落结构、物种组成和多样性的变化,尤其是海拔梯度与多数环境因子显著相关,起决定性作用;(3)多样性分析表明:Shannon-Wiener指数和Margalef指数都能较好地反映植物群落α多样性的变化,Simpson指数变化不明显.4种土地利用类型中植物群落α多样性的变化依次为:林地>农田>撂荒地>灌丛,且草本层对植物多样性的贡献最大.By means of cluster analysis,principal component analysis and correlation analysis,we studied the effects of anthropogenic disturbance（e.g.Agricultural cultivation） and environmental pattern on plant diversity in Dongling Mountain with 10 transects,94 plots and 15 environmental factors in this paper.The investigation results showed：（1）Plant communities were simply classified to 4 land types（farmland,wild land,shrub and forest） by cluster analysis,（2）PCA and correlation analyses showed：2 principal components（topography and edaphic factor） affected community structure,species composition and changes of diversity,especially the altitude pattern had a crucial impact and was correlated with other major environmental factors,（3）Diversity analysis showed：Shannon-Wiener index and Margalef index all reflected changes of α plant diversity.And Simpson index did not fluctuate clearly.α plant diversity of 4 land types changed：forest〉farmland〉wild land〉shrub.Herb layer had an important effect on changes of plant diversity.

关 键 词：人为干扰 植物多样性 环境梯度 东灵山 

分 类 号：Q948.156[生物学—植物学]