大兴安岭哈拉哈河—淖尔河地区第四纪火山活动初步研究  

Preliminary study on Quaternary volcanoes in the Halaha River and Chaoer River area in Daxing'an Mountain range

作　　者：赵勇伟[1] 樊祺诚[1] 白志达[2] 孙谦[1] 李霓[1] 隋建立[1] 杜星星[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地震局地质研究所,北京100029 [2]中国地质大学(北京),北京100083

出　　处：《岩石学报》2008年第11期2569-2575,共7页Acta Petrologica Sinica

基　　金：地震行业专项(20080814);中央及公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项(DF-IGCEA-0607-1-12)

摘　　要：大兴安岭中部哈拉哈河淖尔河地区受基底断裂控制,发育28座第四纪火山,这些火山总体呈北东向带状分布。研究区第四纪火山岩分布面积约1000km^2,岩性主要为碱性玄武岩。根据喷发时代和火山地质特征,这里的火山大体可分为更新世和全新世两期。按照火山作用方式不同,区内火山可分为岩浆成因和射汽岩浆成因两类:前者活动产物主要包括火山碎屑锥、碎屑席、熔岩流,其中发育结壳熔岩、渣状熔岩、块状熔岩,以及喷气锥、熔岩冢等火山地质现象;后者产物主要是射汽岩浆喷发形成的基浪堆积物,其中发育大型平行层理及交错层理。不同的火山作用形成了火山口湖、低平火山口湖、火山堰塞湖和塌陷熔岩湖四种不同规模与形态特征的湖泊,这种水火相容的火山地质现象为阿尔山火山温泉国家地质公园增添了景观。28 Quaternary volcanoes, which scattered along a Quaternary NE strike fault, are found in the area of Halaha River and Chaoer River, middle of Daxing＇an Mountain Range. Quaternary volcanic rocks in this area, mainly alkaline basalt, cover an area of ca. 1000 km^2. These volcanoes can be divided into two stages： Holocene volcanoes and Plioeene volcanoes. Both magmatic eruptions and phreatomagmatic eruptions are found in this area. The magmatic eruptions form a series of products, including scoria cones, tephra fallout deposits, and many kinds of lava （e. g. aa lava, pahoehoe lava and block lava）. Typical fumarolic cones and lava hillocks are found in the lava. The phreatomagmatic eruptions have typical base surge deposits, which are characterized by parallel bedding and staggered bedding. Volcanic activity in this area form many volcanogenic lakes. According to the difference of lake forming, they are divided into four types： Crater lake, maar lake, volcanic dammed lake, collapse lava lake. Two conflict factors, water and fire, coexists harmoniously in the volcanic area, adding a splendid landscape to the Aershan Volcano and Warm Spring National Geopark.

关 键 词：大兴安岭中部 第四纪火山 火山地质 火山成因湖泊 

分 类 号：P588.145[天文地球—岩石学]