河南邓州八里岗遗址史前稻作农业的植硅石证据  

Phytolith Evidence for Rice Cultivation during Prehistoric Periods at Baligang Site of Baizhuang, Dengzhou City, Henan Province

作　　者：姜钦华[1] 张江凯[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学地质学系 [2]北京大学考古学系

出　　处：《北京大学学报（自然科学版）》1998年第1期66-71,共6页Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：对采集于河南邓州市白庄八里岗遗址仰韶中晚期和石家河文化时期的堆积物进行了较为详细的植硅石分析。通过统计有重要意义的植硅石形态类型，发现了稻作农业的植硅石证据，并且，随着文化的发展（即从仰韶文化期至石家河文化期），稻作农业的强度在提高。Baligang site is located in Baizhuang village of Dengzhou City (32°22′￣32°33′N, 110°00′38″ ～112°00′20″ E),Henan Province of central China. This area is located in the northern margin of the northern subtropical zone. Geomorphologically, this area is inside the Nanyang Basin, with elevations generally 100 to 140m a.s.l. The local river system belongs to the Yangtze drainage to the south. The climate is warm to temperate, with clear seasons.The site was excavated in 1992 and 1994. Sampling was made in October 1994 by the authors. The cultures of the site include (1) Mid Late Yangshao Culture period (about 6[KG*4〗000～4[KG*4〗800 BP), and (2) Shijiahe Culture period (4[KG*4〗800￣4[KG*4〗000 BP).Phytolith research at Baligang site was conducted as part of the Baligang archaeological project, directed by ZHANG Jiangkai of Peking University. One of the major issues in the archaeology of Neolithic periods in the Central China is the elucidation of the agricultural economy. This depends on reconstruction of plant exploitation patterns. Since macrobotanical remains are few or even lacking, thus phytolith analysis is considered an important technique for detecting the ancient agriculture.Pollen and phytolith analyses of the 15 samples collected from the site indicate that the paleovegetation was dominated by Castanopsis, Quercus, Salix, Juglans and Pinus, and the paleoclimate was generally warm and wet (subtropical climate), even though there were small climatic fluctuations. In the phytolith assemblages, there are three distinct morpho types that, when combined together, are diagnostic of cultivated rice ( Oryza sativa ). The three morpho types are (a) typical fan shaped bulliform phytoliths from rice leaf, (b) scooped “bilobates arranged parallel to each other along the veins of leaf, and (c) silicified epidermis from rice glume. All the three morpho types are found in the site, with the former two being more abundant, and their abundance increases upward from the Yangshao period to th

关 键 词：植硅石 稻作农业 考古 

分 类 号：Q913.84[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]