灌溉策略及氮肥施用对设施番茄产量及氮素利用的影响  

Effects of irrigation strategies and N sidedressing on the yield and N utilization of greenhouse tomato

作　　者：高兵[1] 任涛[2] 李俊良[1] 陈清[2] 江荣风[2] 刘庆花[1] 

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学资源与环境学院,山东青岛266109 [2]农业部植物营养与养分循环重点实验室,植物-土壤相互作用教育部重点实验室,中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100094

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2008年第6期1104-1109,共6页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2006BAD17803.2006BAD17807);农业部"土壤养分管理技术引进与建立"项目(2006-G60)资助。

摘　　要：以传统水肥管理为对照,根据根层氮素实时监控技术与氮素供应目标值指标,对秋冬季设施番茄生育期进行氮肥追施优化管理.同时结合小管出流的方式比较研究采用每次灌溉至田间持水量及固定灌额两种策略对设施番茄产量及氮素追施调控的影响。结果表明:传统灌溉方式下,优化氮素处理保证了番茄产量,与传统氮肥处理相比。追施的氮肥数量减少了48%;在番茄的主要生育时期内.采用每次灌溉至田间持水量及固定灌额处理的灌溉量分别比传统灌溉处理减少46%和30%;采用同样指标所推荐的氮肥追施数量也分别减少14%和10%,明显减少土壤—蔬菜体系中氮素的表观损失,减轻了由于过量施氮而对环境造成的影响。Greenhouse tomato experiment was conducted in Shouguang, Shandong province in order to investigate the effects of irrigation strategies and N sidedressing on fruit yield and N utilization in greenhouse tomato. Compared with conventional fertilization and irrigation practices, real-time control of rootzone N management and related target values were used to optimize N sidedressing during the growing season. Two kinds of irrigation strategies, including irrigation up to field capacity （FC） and fixed amount based on soil texture （FA）, were employed with bubbler irrigation system. The results showed that under conventional irrigation practice, there were no significant differences on tomato fruit yield under optimized N management, which accounted for 48 % N input of conventional N fertilization. Except for transplanting stage, two irrigation strategies （FC and FA regimes） could reduce 46% and 30% irrigation compared to conventional practices. With the same N target value, these irrigation strategies could save 14% and 10% fertilizer N in the treatment with optimized N management. The FC and FA strategies could significantly reduce apparent N loss in the soil-vegetable system; consequently, decrease the negative environmental impact due to excessive N input.

关 键 词：根层氮素管理 小管出流 产量 氮素利用 设施番茄 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学] S157.41[农业科学—园艺学]