稻鱼共生系统与水稻单作系统的能值对比--以贵州省从江县小黄村为例  

Energy Comparison of Rice-fish Agriculture and Rice Monocropping:A Case Study of Xiaohuang Village,Congjiang County,Guizhou Province

作　　者：杨海龙[1,2] 吕耀[1] 闵庆文[1] 张丹[1] 焦文珺[1] 何露[1] 刘珊[1] 孙业红[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《资源科学》2009年第1期48-55,共8页Resources Science

基　　金：国际合作项目:“稻鱼共生全球重要农业文化遗产保护与利用”;中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所知识创新工程重大项目预研究项目:“稻鱼共生系统的保护与适应性管理”;农业国际交流合作专项:“稻鱼共生农业文化遗产保护示范与推广”;西班牙政府支持项目:“少数民族地区文化保护与地区发展”。

摘　　要：为了从能量流动的角度揭示稻鱼共生系统和水稻单作系统在资源利用效率及环境压力上的差异,应用能值分析方法对贵州省从江县小黄村糯禾—鱼、糯未单作、杂交稻—鱼、杂交稻单作两个系统、4个处理的农业资源投入的能值流及构建的能值指标进行了对比分析。结果表明:稻鱼共生系统与水稻单作系统农业资源投入结构相似,均以不可更新工业辅助资源投入为主,可更新资源投入不足,不利于系统的长期稳定。但与水稻单作系统相比,稻鱼共生系统的优势表现为:①太阳能转化效率较高;②转化单位自然资源投入购买能值较少;③受市场影响较小;④能值投资回报率较高;⑤对环境压力较小;⑥系统富有活力和发展潜力。可见,稻田养鱼的确是我国传统农业可持续发展的典型模式之一。如何既发挥稻鱼共生系统在资源利用效率方面的优势,同时又加强其在市场经济中的竞争力,是贵州省从江县乃至其他地区稻鱼共生系统可持续发展需要解决的重要问题。Quantitative evaluation of sustainable development capacity has been concentratedly researched, and development capacity indicators based on the calculation of emergy theory are effective means of evaluation. In order to assess the differences of resource utilization and sustainable development capacity between rice-fish agriculture and rice monocropping, this paper analyzes the input-output characteristics of glutinous rice-fish agriculture （GR-F）, glutinous rice monocropping （GR）, hybrid rice-fish agriculture （HR-F） and hybrid rice monocropping （HR） in Xiaohuang Village, Congjiang County, Guizhou Province by using emergy analysis methods. The results demonstrate that the emergy-input structures are similar between rice-fish agriculture and rice monocropping. The utilization ratio of renewable resources is lower, while the input of non-renewable industrial secondary resources is too high and input of organic resources is deficient. Comparison between the two different systems shows that in the rice-fish agriculture system： 1 ） solar conversion ratio is higher; 2） purchased emergy-input per unit natural resources is less; 3） restriction by external markets is minor; 4） return rate of emergy-investment is higher; 5） environmental pressure is smaller; 6） utility ratio of renewable resources is higher and sustainable development capacity is stronger. Rice-fish agriculture is one representative of traditional agriculture sustainable development model in China. The economic basis is rather weak and transport conditions are poor in Congjiang County, where traditional rice-fish agriculture is lacking in technology and competitiveness, while labor costs are high. All of these factors have constrained the sound development of rice-fish agriculture. Obviously, the improvement of solar energy utility ratios and market competitiveness for rice-fish agriculture is a key goal. Local government should optimize the resource utilization structure, contribute to the scientific development of rice-fish

关 键 词：稻鱼共生系统 能值 传统农业 农业资源 全球重要农业文化遗产 

分 类 号：S964.2[农业科学—水产养殖] Q959.117.3[农业科学—水产科学]