基于生态足迹的传统农业地区生态承载力分析--以浙江省青田县为例  

Ecological Capacity of a Traditional Agricultural Area based on Ecological Footprint:A Case Study of Qingtian County,Zhejiang Province

作　　者：焦雯珺[1,2] 闵庆文[1] 成升魁[1] 张丹[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《资源科学》2009年第1期63-68,共6页Resources Science

基　　金：国际合作项目:“稻鱼共生全球重要农业文化遗产保护与利用”;中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所知识创新工程重大项目预研究项目:“稻鱼共生系统的保护与适应性管理”;农业部国际交流合作专项:“稻鱼共生农业文化遗产保护示范与推广”。

摘　　要：浙江省青田县的稻田养鱼历史悠久,至今还保持着完好的稻田养鱼传统农业生产方式,并形成了独具特色的农业文化遗产。本文利用生态足迹方法对浙江省青田县的环境状况和生态承载力进行了分析,旨在为农业文化遗产地的合理保护提供科学依据,并为现代农业的发展提供宝贵经验。结果表明,与其他农业地区、浙江省、中国以及世界相比,青田县基本上处于生态平衡状态。具体来说,青田县2003年基本上处于生态平衡状态人均生物承载力为0.6898 hm^2,其中,耕地和林地构成了生物承载力的主体部分,而水域和草地对生物承载力的贡献甚微;青田县人均生物承载力与全国和世界的平均水平相比明显较低,只达到全国平均水平的86.2%和世界平均水平的38.8%,但与浙江省的平均水平相差不大;作为传统农业地区,青田县人均生物承载力基本上处于我国农业地区的平均水平,与常规集约农业地区的差距不大。然而,由于青田县人均生态足迹仅为0.6952 hm^2,因此可以维持在生态平衡状态。Qingtian County in Zhejiang Province has a long history of raising fish in rice paddies and has been maintaining this traditional rice-fish system, which is an example of both traditional ecological agriculture and distinctive cultural heritage, so it was selected by FAO as a pilot site for the rice-fish agricultural heritage system in 2005. The research presented in this article uses ecological footprint and biocapacity as indicators to monitor environmental conditions and analyse the ecological capacity of Qingtian County in 2003, aiming to provide a scientific foundation for the protection of this agricultural heritage site as well as valuable experience for the development of modern agricultural areas. Among the notable results was that, as opposed to zhejiang province China, the world and other agricultural regions, Qingtian County is characterised by a nearly breakeven total ecological balance, meaning that almost the entire local demand for natural resources can be supplied locally. Specifically, the biocapacity per capita of Qingtian County was 0.6898 ha, with cropland and forest comprising almost 93% of the total, while fishing grounds and grazing land contributing very little. Biocapacity per capita of Qingtian County is much lower than that of China and the world, totalling 86.2% of the national average and 38.8% of the global average, but it was not far off the provincial average. Qingtian County, as a typical traditional agricultural area, had a moderate biocapacity which did not differ greatly from that of other intensive agricultural areas in China. Qingtian County, although its biocapacity was not high enough, could better maintain an ecological balance than other agricultural areas due to its low ecological footprint per capita, which was only 0.6952 ha.

关 键 词：生态承载力 生态足迹 传统农业 全球重要农业文化遗产 稻鱼共生系统 浙江省青田县 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学]