SWAT水质模块的扩展及其在海河流域典型区的应用  

Extended Water Quality Module of SWAT Model and Its Application to Hai River Basin

作　　者：张永勇[1,2] 王中根[1] 于磊[3] 夏军[1,2] 陈向东[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室,北京100101 [2]武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,武汉430072 [3]水利部海河水利委员会,天津300181

出　　处：《资源科学》2009年第1期94-100,共7页Resources Science

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向性项目(编号:Kzcx2-yw-126);国家自然科学基金国际合作重大项目(编号:40721140020);中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所创新三期领域前沿项目环境保护部总量办污染减排监督管理项目。

摘　　要：SWAT模型功能强大,但模型的功能和参数是针对美国的流域特征定制的,在中国应用还必须针对我国国情和流域特征进行适当的改进和完善。目前SWAT模型在我国主要被用于流域分布式水文模拟、非点源污染负荷估算、土地覆被与气候变化分析等方面。COD指标是我国衡量企业排污是否达标、流域是否污染的重要考核指标,目前SWAT模型缺乏对这一指标的模拟。本文在详述SWAT模拟流域污染物运移过程的基础上,指出了模型水质模块在中国应用中的一些不足,并以河水可生化降解特性参数为依据对SWAT水质模块的改进,完善了模型对BOD指标的模拟和增加了COD指标的模拟功能。通过对海河流域典型区实例研究表明:对水量的模拟,相关系数和效率系数均达到0.80以上;而对氨氮和COD指标的模拟,相对误差控制在20%以内。该方法为解决"SWAT模型不能模拟COD"提供了一种途径,将为SWAT模型在我国流域水环境与水资源综合管理中的广泛应用提供借鉴和支撑。The SWAT model is a powerful, widely used model. However, the functions and most of the parameters are customized based on basin characteristics in America. Thus, the SWAT model should be extended and improved based on the situation of China and the characteristics of Chinese basins when applied to basin management in China. At present, the SWAT model has been used for many topics, such as distributed hydrologic process simulation, non-point source pollution estimation, and the impact of land use change and climate change. COD is an important index for evaluating the degree of pollution of wastewater in China, but the SWAT model doesn＇t have this function. After analyzing the process of watershed pollutant migration and transformation laws in the SWAT model, some appropriate improvements on the model have been made in view of the disadvantages of applying the model to integrated river basin management in China. The BOD simulation function was improved and the COD simulation function was added. BOD simulation function is added by considering the sedimentation and degradation based on the zero dimension pollutant balance equation. From the oxidized mechanism analysis, both COD and BOD are indices that reflect the extent of organic pollution in water. For a certain basin, the ratio of COD and BOD is quite stable because sewage, sediment and biological structure change only slightly. Therefore, the COD simulation function was added based on the relationship between COD and BOD. We selected a case study of Shexian County in Hai River Basin, and the results indicate that when comparing the simulation value with measured data, the correlation coefficient and efficiency coefficient of water quantity can reach more than 0.80, while the relative error of NH3-N and COD can be controlled at around 20%. The modelling performance of the extended SWAT model is satisfactory. Moreover, based on the model, the ratio of the main pollution sources （point pollution, transit water pollution, nonpoint pollution） in Shexian was co

关 键 词：SWAT模型 水质模拟 COD 扩展 海河流域 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]