知识资源对自然资源的替代:一个实证分析框架  

Substitution of Intellectual Resources for Natural Resources:A Framework of Positive Analysis

作　　者：贾小玫[1] 杨永辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学经济与金融学院,西安710061

出　　处：《资源科学》2009年第1期171-176,共6页Resources Science

基　　金：西安交通大学研究生创新专项基金项目(编号:2008S117)。

摘　　要：自然资源的过度使用导致资源短缺、生态失衡和环境污染。为了实现经济可持续发展和人类自身的可持续发展,必须寻找新的资源替代自然资源,这种替代意味着对现有的生产、消费模式以及相应的市场组织结构进行彻底的变革。本文认为,在众多资源替代模式中,知识资源替对自然资源的替代将是一种现实的和长远的模式选择。文章通过构建知识资源替代自然资源的模型,在对我国及东西部代表省份陕西和浙江进行实证分析的基础上,得出了可行性结论:我国知识资源对自然资源的替代系数较大,知识资源替代自然资源具有较强的可行性。并在此基础上对替代主体—企业及产业组织进行了深入剖析,对替代途径和替代机制进行了系统阐述。Since the 1980s, with the sustained and rapid development of the Chinese economy, large amounts of natural resources have been consumed. The excessive use of natural resources leads to a lack of resource balance between ecosystems and environmental pollution. In order to realize sustainable social and economic development, we have to seek new resources to substitute for natural resources. As Romer said, intellectual resources are a clean and significant resource, whose use has an increasing marginal revenue and can resolve the contradiction mentioned above among resource-saving, ecological conservation and economic growth. Thus, natural resources should be rapidly replaced by intellectual resource. This substitution means that the existing patterns of consumption and production and the organizational structure of relevant markets should be transformed. Replacement of natural resources with intellectual resources is a practical and long-term choice. We establish a model of resource substitution based on Paul Romer＇ s theory of new economy and William Nordhaus and James Tobin＇ s practice of substitution. The input factors of our model contain labor, capital, scarce and tangible natural resources, and intellectual resources including human capital, R ＆ D, information and technology and patents. We come to the feasible conclusion that China＇ s substitution coefficient is comparatively large （7.817016） and Shaanxi＇ s substituted coefficient is larger than that of Zhejiang. The larger the coefficient, the more potential there is for substitution, and the substitution of intellectual resources for natural resources is strongly viable, based on analysis of the country as a whole as well as two representative provinces （Shaanxi from western China and Zhejiang from eastern China）. We show that there is more potential for substitution in the western regions than in the east, since the substitution coefficient of Shaanxi province is 5.91, but only 1.28 in Zhejiang province. In order to improve the situation

关 键 词：知识资源 自然资源 资源替代 替代主体 替代机制 

分 类 号：F062.1[经济管理—政治经济学] F224