近2600年来黄河下游沉积量和上中游产沙量变化过程  

SEDIMENTATION IN THE LOWER REACHES AND SEDIMENT YIELD IN THE UPPER AND MIDDLE REACHES OF THE YELLOW RIVER IN THE PAST 2600 YEARS

作　　者：师长兴[1] 徐加强[1,2] 郭立鹏[1,2] 张鸾[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,中国科学院陆地水循环与地表过程重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2009年第1期116-125,共10页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目（批准号：40471017）和中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所知识创新三期领域前沿课题共同资助

摘　　要：主要基于华北平原上93个钻孔中沉积物详细观测和分析数据，结合182组14C测年和埋深数据、参考前人黄河下游河道历史变辽及其他相关研究成果，估算出2600年以来黄河下游在602BC～11A．D．，11～1034A．D．，1034～1128A．D．，1128～1855A．D．和1855～1997A．D．等5个历史时期的年平均沉积量分别是3．89×10^8t／a，2．24×10^8t／a，6．63×10^8t／a，6．78×10^8t／a和8．47×10^8t／a。通过建立黄河下游有无堤防和决溢频率与泥沙输移比的关系，计算出5个时期黄河上中游的平均年输沙量分别是6．2×10^8t／a，6．8×10^8t／a，8．3×10^8t／a，11．5×10^8t／a和15．3×10^8t／a。进而探讨了黄河输沙量变化的主要原因，以及历史上王景治河后出现的600年安流时期的原因。Mainly based on sedimentary data from 93 boreholes, 182 radiocarbon dates in the North China Plain, and hydrological measurements as well as on previously published data on the thickness of deposition in the modern Yellow River delta,the historical changes of the lower Yellow River channel and the coastlines of the Bohai and Yellow Seas, we estimated the distribution and thickness of sediment accumulated in the lower Yellow River in five periods including 602BC - llA. D., 11 - 1034A. D., 1034 - 1128A. D., 1128 - 1855A. D., and after 1855. The volumes of sediment accumulated on the alluvial fans and plains of the lower Yellow River were estimated to be 3.89 ×10^8t/a,2.24 ×10^8t/a, 6.63 ×10^8t/a, 6.78 ×10^8t/a, 8.47 ×10^8t/a, respectively in these five periods. Using the results of sediment load of the Yellow River and the distribution of sediment accumulation in the lower Yellow River after 1855 ,considering the forming processes of the Yellow River delta during 1128 - 1855A. D. ,the sediment delivery ratio of the lower Yellow River was estimated for different situations without or with artificial levees and with different frequencies of levee-breakings. Thereupon, the mean annual sediment outputs from the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River were calculated to be 6.2 ~ 10St/a,6.8 ×10^8t/a,8.3 ×10^8t/a, 11.5 ~ 10St/a, 15.3 ~ 10St/a,respectively,in the five periods. This means that the sediment output from the upper and middle Yellow River increased slowly before Song Dynasty of China, but was lower than half of the current value on average. It was in the recent about 1000 years that the sediment output from the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River experienced an accelerated escalation. The Loess Plateau is the principal sediment source of the Yellow River. This study reveals that the changes in sediment yield from the plateau could be attributed mainly to human activities and climate changes on the plateau. The lowest sedimentation rate in the lower Yellow River during the period of 11 - 103

关 键 词：黄河 泥沙沉积量 泥沙沉积比 土壤侵蚀 产沙变化 

分 类 号：K928.42[历史地理—人文地理学] P333.4[天文地球—水文科学]