利用漂流浮标资料对黑潮及其邻近海域表层流场及其季节分布特征的分析研究  

Surface current field and seasonal variability in the Kuroshio andadjacent regions derived from satellite-tracked drifter data

作　　者：胡筱敏[1,2] 熊学军[2] 乔方利[2] 郭炳火[2] 林霄沛[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋环境学院,山东青岛266003 [2]国家海洋局第一海洋研究所海洋环境科学和数值模拟国家海洋局重点实验室,山东青岛266061

出　　处：《海洋学报》2008年第6期1-16,共16页

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(404060094033303040706013)

摘　　要：利用1987年以来WOCE项目及我国自行投放或进入黑潮及其邻近海域（15°-36°N,114°-135°E）的共计323个卫星跟踪海表面漂流浮标资料,得到全年平均及季节平均的浮标轨迹及（1/4）°×（1/4）°格点平均的表层流矢量结果。分析认为：对于全年平均的表层流场,黑潮表层流路主要表现了对大洋西边界地形的适应,并呈现出6个较大的弯曲,其中在反气旋型弯曲处都发生分支或入侵现象、气旋型弯曲处这种现象却不明显。对于季节平均的表层流场,黑潮表层不同流段分别表现出各自显著的季节差异：吕宋海峡附近海域,表层水向南海的入侵只发生在秋、冬两季,而春、夏两季却不发生;在台湾以东海域,黑潮表层流路与黑潮右侧反气旋涡的存在与否密切相关,春季没有涡旋存在时,黑潮表层流路常出现气旋式大弯曲,其他三个季节反气旋涡存在时,黑潮表层流路相对平直;在台湾东北海域,黑潮表层水向东海南部陆架区的入侵以秋、冬季最强,春季次之,而夏季几乎不发生;在赤尾屿以北的东海黑潮中段,黑潮流动比较稳定,其表层平均流径走向由偏北到偏东依次约为冬（北偏东30°）、春（北偏东33°）、秋（北偏东38°）、夏（北偏东45°）;流路宽度由宽至窄依次约为秋（90 km）、春（80 km）、冬（70 km）、夏（60 km）,而流速由大至小依次为夏、春、秋、冬,且各季节都表现出北段流速大于南段的现象;在九州西南海域,春、秋两季黑潮表层水发生明显的向北入侵,入侵的黑潮水与东海外陆架水共同成为对马暖流的一部分来源,而夏季这种现象不明显,九州西南海域黑潮表层流路北界的位置以秋季最为偏北（但最北不超过31°N）、流路也最宽;在琉球群岛外缘海域,南半部基本没有北上的表层流存在,只有在冲绳群岛-奄美群岛以东海区,秋、夏、春三季表层反气旋涡旋都比较活跃,在The multi-year averaged surface current field and seasonal variability in the Kuroshio and adjacent regions are studied. The data used in this study are trajectories and （1/4）°latitude by （1/4）°longitude mean currents derived from 323 Argos drifters deployed by Chinese institutions and World Ocean Circulation Experiment from 1979 to 2003. The results show that the Kuroshio surface path adapts well to the western boundary topography and exhibits six great turnings. The branching occurs frequently near anticyclonic turnings rather than near cyclonic ones. At the Luzon Strait, the surface water intrusion into the South China Sea occurs only in fall and winter. The Kuroshio surface path east of Taiwan appears nearly as straight lines in summer, fall, and winter, when anticyclonic eddies coexist on its right side; while the path may cyclonically turning in spring when no eddy exists. The Kuroshio intrusion northeast of Taiwan often occurs in fall and winter, but not in summer. The running direction, width and velocity of the middle segment of the Kuroshio surface currents in the East China Sea vary seasonally. The northward intrusion of the Kuroshio surface water southwest of Kyushu occurs in spring and fall, but not in summer. The northmost position of the Kuroshio surface path southwest of Kyushu occurs in fall, but never goes beyond 31°N. The northward surface current east of the Ryukyu Islands exists only along Okinawa-Amami Islands from spring to fall. In particular, it appears as an arm of an anticyclonic eddy in fall.

关 键 词：黑潮及其邻近海域 表层流场 卫星跟踪海表面漂流浮标 季节分布 

分 类 号：P731.27[天文地球—海洋科学]