我国主要蔬菜和粮油作物的砷含量与砷富集能力比较  

Comparison of concentrations and bioconcentration factors of arsenic in vegetables,grain and oil crops in China

作　　者：肖细元[1,2] 陈同斌[1] 廖晓勇[1] 阎秀兰[1] 谢华[1] 武斌[1] 王莉霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所环境修复中心,北京100101 [2]中南大学冶金科学与工程学院环境工程研究所,长沙410083

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2009年第2期291-296,共6页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家杰出青年科学基金(No.40325003)~~

摘　　要：根据国内外文献报道,对蔬菜和粮油作物中砷的累积特点和富集能力进行总结和分析.结果表明,清洁区和污染区蔬菜的砷含量变幅分别为0.001～1.07mg·kg-1和0.001～8.51mg·kg-1(鲜重),均值分别为0.035mg·kg-1和0.068mg·kg-1.不同种类蔬菜的砷含量由大到小依次为:叶菜类>根茎类>茄果类>鲜豆类;清洁区和污染区粮油作物的砷含量变幅分别为0.001～2.20mg·kg-1和0.007～6.83mg·kg-1(干重),均值分别为0.081mg·kg-1和0.294mg·kg-1,其中水稻的砷含量显著高于小麦和玉米.从富集系数来看,叶菜类蔬菜的砷富集系数最高,芹菜、蕹菜、茼蒿、芥菜等蔬菜的抗砷污染能力较弱.粮食作物玉米的抗砷污染能力较强.与蔬菜砷限量标准(GB4810-1994)相比,我国砷污染区的蔬菜中有32.2%的样本砷含量超标,其中叶菜类和根茎类的超标率分别为47.9%和12.8%.与粮食砷限量标准(GB4810-1994)比较,我国污染区粮油作物的样本砷超标率为34.8%,其中水稻的超标率高达42.9%,玉米和小麦的超标率均高于20%.The characteristics of concentrations and bioaccumulation factors of arsenic in edible plant portions of vegetables and grain crops were summarized and analyzed based on the reported data in the literature. The results indicated that the range of As concentrations in vegetables was 0. 001 - 1.07 mg· kg^-1 and 0. 001- 8.51 mg· kg^-1 （ fresh weight） in the clean and polluted regions, respectively, with geometric means of 0. 035 mg· kg^-1 and 0. 068 mg· kg^-1. Arsenic concentrations in grain crops ranged from 0. 001 to 2.20 mg· kg^-1 and from 0. 007 to 6.83 mg· kg^-1 in clean and polluted regions, respectively, with geometric means of 0. 081 mg· kg^-1 and 0. 294 mg· kg^-1. Arsenic concentrations in the different varieties of vegetables followed the trend： leafy vegetables 〉 root-stem vegetables 〉 melon-fruit vegetables 〉 fresh bean vegetables, and the bioconcentration factor （BCF） of As in leafy vegetables was significantly higher than for root-stem vegetables, fruity vegetables and fresh bean vegetables. Results of hierarchical cluster analysis on the As BCFs in different species of vegetables showed that the plants could be statistically separated into two groups based on BCF. Celery （Apium graveiolus）, water spinach （ lpomoea aquatica Forsk）, crown daisy （ Chcoronarium var. spatiosum Baily）, mustard （ Brassica juncea L. ） had higher As BCFs while beetroot （Beta vulgaris） , peas （Pisum ativum L. ） , cauliflower （Brassica oleracea L. ） , leek （Allium tuberosum Rottler）, common beet （Beta vulgaris L. ）, squash （Cucurbita L. ）, sweet potato （Ipomoea batatas L. ）, waxgourd （Benincasa hispida）, tomato （Lycopersicon esculentum）, kidney bean （Phaseolas vulgais L. ）, Chinese cabbage （Brassica pekinensis）, carrot （Daueus carota L. ）, spring onion （Aubergine Broccoli）, radish （Raphanus sativus L. ）, chili （Capsicum annuum L. ）, cabbage （Brassica oleracea L. ）, taro （Colocasia esculenta L. ）, potato （Solanum tuberosu

关 键 词：砷 蔬菜 粮食作物 油料作物 富集 健康风险 

分 类 号：X821[环境科学与工程—环境工程]