核桃花器官变异的研究  

Studies on Floral Variation in Walnut (Juglans regia L.)

作　　者：李敏[1] 刘媛[1] 赵勇刚[1] 孙明高[1] 张宪省[2] 杨克强[1,3] 王钧毅 郭起荣[5] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农业生态与环境重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]山东农业大学作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [3]作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [4]山东泰安绿园经济林研究所,山东泰安271018 [5]国际竹藤网络中心科技教育处,北京100102

出　　处：《园艺学报》2009年第1期21-26,共6页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：国家科技基础条件平台建设项目;山东省良种产业化工程项目;山东省自然科学基金项目(2007ZRB01554);山东省人事厅资助项目(200603039);山东省教育厅资助项目(J07WF06)

摘　　要：观察核桃(Juglans regia L.)花器官变异研究花器官变异类型及其特点,制作石蜡切片对两性花变异类型的花芽分化进程进行了研究。用6个早实核桃材料和2个晚实核桃材料作亲本,选配10个杂交组合,得到2942个实生杂种苗。在具有早实核桃为亲本的杂交组合和早实核桃自然授粉的2648株实生单株中,到播种后第3天累计结实率为20.34%,晚实核桃294株实生后代无早结果现象。在538株早实杂种苗中,共有12个单株在2d生时发生了花器变异,变异类型包括两性花类型、穗状花类型、穗状花具分枝类型、穗状花雌雄同序类型、柱头变异类型和雌花序莲座状类型。连续5年观察表明,仅有来自于新1号×香玲杂交组合的C3单株二次花的雌雄同花变异在不同年份稳定表现。在一些早实品种(如香玲)的徒长枝上也具有两性花变异。核桃两性花变异的形态发育进程属于向心式:花序原基-花原基-花被原基-雄蕊原基-雌蕊原基-子房原基。核桃的花器官变异是早实核桃二次开花过程发生的。早实核桃花器官变异类型的存在为核桃的早实特性和花器官发育研究提供了珍贵的材料。The type and character of floral organ variation in Juglans regia L. were observed, and the anatomy of hermaphroditic development was also analyzed through paraffin section. The 2942 seedlings from cross combination were raised using 6 precocious forms, and 2 later mature forms. Among 2 648 seedlings from artificial cross by precocious forms and open pollination of precocious forms, 20.34% of the seedlings were produced flowers in the third year. The 294 seedlings from later mature forms produced no flowers in the third years. Twelve seedlings of the 538 precocious cross seedlings were observed on floral organ variations. The variation types including hermaphrodite flower, spike inflorescence, branch spike inflorescence, male and female flowers in one spike inflorescence, stigma variation, rosette female infloreseences. The study on floral organ variation was kept from 2003 to 2008. Stable inheritance of floral organ variation only appeared in C3 cross seedling from Xin 1×Xiangling. The floral organ variation was found in adventitious shoots of Xiangling cuhivar. The anatomy of hermaphrodite flower development procedure was ： Inflorescence orimordium - flower primordium-bract primordium stamen primordium-stigma primordium-ovary primordium. The floral organ variation only took place in the second shoots and flowers. The walnut with floral organ variation is a valuable material to study the earlier fruiting character and the floral organ development of walnut.

关 键 词：核桃 JUGLANS regia L. 早实特性 花器官变异 两性花 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]