城市居住用地防灾适宜度评价的OWA方法  

Suitability evaluation of residential area for disaster prevention with GIS-based OWA method

作　　者：朱庆杰[1] 苏幼坡[1] 陈静[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北理工大学建筑工程学院,河北唐山063009

出　　处：《地理研究》2009年第1期1-9,I0001,共10页Geographical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(50678059);河北理工大学学科建设项目资助

摘　　要：城市居住用地的安全受到多种灾害威胁,防灾决策的主要问题之一是开发基于GIS的多准则评价(MCE)方法。文章介绍了在基于GIS的次序权重平均法(OWA)中,依据重要性等级计算次序权重和应用层次分析程序(AHP)构建比较矩阵计算准则权重的方法;通过OWA评价方法与布尔决策和权重线性叠加(WLC)等多准则评价方法的比较,分析了不同方法的决策风险和指标等级重要次序的影响,并以唐山市为例,建立了各灾害因子的适宜度评价准则,计算了唐山市居住用地的防灾适宜度,对唐山市居住用地的合理开发提出了几点建议。Land safety of urban resident area is threatened by many disaster factors with different evaluation criteria,and the developing of GIS-based multi-criteria evaluation（MCE） method is the key of suitability evaluation for disaster prevention.Ordered weighted averaging（OWA） is a multi-criteria evaluation procedure,which can generate a wide range of decision strategies through calculating order weights and criterion weights.The calculation method of order weights based on rank-order approximation,and the construction method of comparison matrix for criterion weight based on analytical hierarchy program（AHP）,are introduced.The difference in decision strategy between OWA and other GIS-based MCE methods,such as Boolean overlay and weighted linear combination（WLC）,is analyzed through analyzing OWA evaluation procedure.Furthermore,the method to establish evaluation criteria based on distance is investigated.As an example,GIS-based OWA method is applied to Tangshan City.According to the data of geological disaster in Tangshan City,evaluation criteria for every disaster factor based on distance is constructed,and attribute values of disaster factors are fuzzy quantifiers;comparison matrix is calculated based on AHP,criteria weights and consistency ratio are obtained;order weights based on rank-order approximation are calculated,and land-use suitability affected by geological disaster factors in Tangshan City is calculated with OWA.The differences between OWA results and WLC results are analyzed.Through comparsion with the distribution of floor area ratio of residential areas,some advice is proposed for rational development of land resource in Tangshan City.Residential areas should be developed in the northwestern part of Tangshan City,where the suitability is relatively high,and moderate-low floor area ratio should be suitable for the middle part of the city in order to avoid the disaster-induced loss.

关 键 词：适宜度 OWA 多准则评价 防灾 GIS 唐山 

分 类 号：P208[天文地球—地图制图学与地理信息工程] P694[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]