四倍体小麦矮杆地方品种的C带分析  

C-band analysis on the dwarf landrace of tetraploid wheat

作　　者：彭正松[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川师范学院生物系,南充637002

出　　处：《种子》1998年第1期9-12,共4页Seed

基　　金：四川省教委及科委资助

摘　　要：矮杆番麦是四倍体小麦地方品种中罕见的矮杆种质。采用改良的C带技术对其根关细胞染色体进行了分析。矮杆番麦作细胞具14对染色体，染色体组型AABB。非同源染色体之间，带的数目、大小、强弱及分布情况各异，根据其特殊的带型，容易将接杆番麦的单条染色作区分开。据此认为C带可作为矮杆备麦染色体的细胞学标记。矮杆番麦的带型与原始类型的野生二粒小麦相似，表明其基因组未发生过大的染色体重排。因此，矮杆番麦的接杆性状不是由染色体畸变引起的，而是基因突变的结果。此外，矮杆番麦的3A、6A和7A染色体与野生一粒小麦相应染色体有差别，而其A组与B组染色体带型与其六倍体近缘种的基本一致。这一结果支持前人关于多倍体小麦的A、B染色体组有共同祖先的推论。The tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgiduin L. )landrace Aiganfanmai is a dwarf germplasm which is very rare in emmer wheat. C-band analysis on chromosomes of its root cells was carried out by using the modified C-band technique. 14 pairs of chromosomes in each somatic cell were observed with genome formulae AABB. The numbers,size, intensit and distributions of bands were differential between nohomoeology chromosomes. According to their differehtal C-band patterns, individual chromosomes of Aiganfanmai could be identified easily. So, the C-bands could be used as cytologic markers of Aiganfanmai' chromosomes' In addition, the band pattern of Aiganfanmai was similar to that of the primitive wild emmer wheat varieties, indicating that no manifest chromosomal rearrangement occured in Aiganfanmai's genome. Therefore, the dwarfing trait of Aiganfanmai is caused by gene mutation rather than by chromosomal aberration. Moreover, chromosomes 3A, 6A and 7A were a little differential between Aiganfanmai and T. monococcum. But Aiganfanmai showed similar C-band pattern to its hexaploid ralatives both in genome A and in genome B. This result supported the conclusion that genomes A and B of polyploid wheat had same progenitor.

关 键 词：C带 染色体 矮杆 地方品种 小麦 育种 四倍体 

分 类 号：S512.103.5[农业科学—作物学]