鲤烂鳃病的发生原因与杀菌药物研究  

Pathogenetic Investigation of The Gill Disease of Common Carp( Cyprins carpio )

作　　者：叶元土[1] 李林贵[1] 陈泽华 

机构地区：[1]西南农业大学水产系

出　　处：《西南农业学报》1998年第1期111-119,共9页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：用病原菌培养液和菌体提取液对鲤鱼注射试验结果表明，致病粘球菌离体条件下培养３２ｈ内未检出内、外毒素，其毒力可能主要依赖于粘球菌活菌体对鳃组织的侵袭能力。烂鳃病发生的主要条件是水温（２０℃以上）、鱼体受伤及其他因素导致鱼体防御机能下降。通过对患病和人工感染致病鲤鱼鳃部和部分内脏器官粘球菌，细菌总数的测定结果分析，烂鳃病的发病原因是致病粘球菌在鲤鳃部的感染、生长和繁殖，造成鲤组织的严重破坏，从而使鳃的呼吸功能严重受损而使鱼死亡。大黄、黄岑、黄柏、地榆、黄莲、磺胺嘧啶、呋喃唑酮、高锰酸钾、强氯精、消毒灵等药物对试管培养的致病粘球菌均有显著的杀菌效果。A strain of Myxococcus was isolated from the gill-deseased carp two years ago.This paper discribed a series of tests and observations in relation to the pathogenesis of the gill disease.When water temperature rises over 20℃,and the carp's gill or surface of body were wounded, the gill or the muscle was easily infected with the pathogenetic Myxococcus. Myxococcus on the infected tissue began to proliferate rapidly.In 1 g gill or internal organs,the number of bacteria(mostly Myxococcus was 10 5-10 8 for diseased carp from net cages and artificial injection, but 0-10 2 for normal ones from net cages and ponds.Both exotoxin and endotoxin were not found in the culture liquid of the pathogenetic Myxococcus and the extraction of the Myxococcus. The activities of protease in the culture liquid was tested and reached the highest at 22 hours.According to these results,the toxicity of the pathogenetic Myxococcus depends on the of increase of number of Myxococcus. Myxococcus in the carp gill caused the gill funtional disorder and the shortage of oxygen in blood,then the gill was decomposed and the diseased fish died.The bactericidal tests of 13 kind medicines were also carried out.

关 键 词：粘球菌 烂锶病 药物 鲤鱼 

分 类 号：S943.116[农业科学—水产养殖] S948[农业科学—水产科学]