小麦白粉病菌生理小种的鉴定与病菌毒性的监测  

MONITORING OF THE VIRULENCE POPULATION OF ERYSIPHE GRAMINIS F. SP. TRITICI

作　　者：段霞瑜[1] 盛宝钦[1] 周益林[1] 向齐君[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京100094

出　　处：《植物保护学报》1998年第1期31-36,共6页Journal of Plant Protection

摘　　要：1991～1994年小麦白粉菌生理小种鉴定的结果表明,11、15号小种为这几年的优势小种,315号小种有上升的趋势。用毒性频率分析的方法对所获数据进行分析表明,V1、V3、V5及V8等毒性在当前白粉菌群体中已基本固定(毒性频率接近100％)。小麦白粉菌对Pm4a的毒性频率呈较快的上升趋势,说明Pm4a基因的使用应该审慎;白粉菌对Pm21的毒性频率为0,说明Pm21为目前最有效的抗白粉病基因。对北京、西南及江浙三地区小麦白粉菌群体的毒性结构进行比较分析的结果表明,V2、V4a、V4b和V2+VM1d在北京和江浙地区的频率仍然较低,但在西南地区已超过30％;V2+6和V2+‘Talent’在三地区的频率均较低。生理小种分析和毒性分析比较的结果表明,毒性分析的方法可以更直观地反映小麦白粉菌群体的结构、分布及其动态,便于对品种抗性的丧失作出早期预报及对抗病基因进行评价。The physiological races of wheat powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici) was surveyed on a set of nine differentials and on 20 cultivars with known resistance genes in 1991 - 1994. The results showed that Races 11 and 15 were the prevailing races. Race 315 showed the trend of increasing. The virulence frequencies of the corresponding resistance genes were also analysed. The results indicate that V1, V3, V5 and V8 were close to fixation. The frequency of wheat mildew to Pm4a gene presented more rapid rising. The virulence to Pm21 was still naught showing the most effective resistance so far. The virulence structures of the mildew populations from Beijing, the Southwest, and Jiangsu-Zhejiang regions were studied. V2, V4a, V4b and V2 + VMld populations presented lower frequency in Beijing and Jiangsu-Zhejiang regions while it was over 30% in the Southwest region. The frequencies of V2 + 6 and V2+ 'Talent' were still low in all three regions. These indicate the effectiveness of the corresponding resistance genes in different regions. The comparison of the race survey and virulence analysis shows that virulence analysis can provide a simpler measure to understanding the virulence structure, the distribution and the dynamics of wheat powdery mildew populations. The result can also reflect the effectiveness of resistance genes in the region under survey.

关 键 词：小麦 白粉病菌 生理小种 毒性 

分 类 号：S435.121.4[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]