人流紧急疏散模拟方法述评  

Review on the Simulation Approaches of Crowd Evacuation

作　　者：郑小平[1] 钟庭宽[1] 刘梦婷[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京化工大学安全管理研究所,北京100029

出　　处：《系统管理学报》2008年第6期698-703,共6页Journal of Systems & Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(70502006);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划资助项目(NCET070056)

摘　　要：将用于人流疏散的主要模拟方法进行整理,归纳为三大类:①微观模型,如元胞自动机模型、格子气模型、社会力模型、基于Agent模型及基于博弈论模型;②宏观模型,例如流体动力学模型;③基于生物实验视角。通过比较分析这些模拟方法各自的独特性和适用性,认为:对于微观模型,多种模拟方法组合来研究人流疏散;宏观模型适合于个体无差异的大规模行人流动模拟;生物实验可以作为一种验证微观模型及宏观模型模拟结果的有效手段。Crowd evacuation in an emergency of buildings is a common phenomenon in modern society. To help researchers study crowd evacuation and promote model application, this article summarized systemically the simulation approaches of crowd evacuation based on the current research results. These approaches can be divided into three categories., the first is the microscopic models, including, cellular automata models, lattice gas models, social force models, agent-based models and models based on game theory; the second is the macroscopic models such as the fluid dynamic models; the third is approaches based on biological experiments. After comparison and analysis of the traits and applicabilities of these approaches, it is argued that. for the microscopic models, a new trend highlights a need to combine various approaches to study crowd evacuation. The macroscopic models are suited to simulation of a large crowd of homogeneous pedestrians. The approaches based on biological experiments can he a good means of testing the results which comes from the microscopic models and macroscopic models.

关 键 词：建筑空间 人流疏散 微观模型 宏观模型 生物实验视角 

分 类 号：TP391.9[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术] X913.4[自动化与计算机技术—计算机科学与技术]