四川省血防改厕现状调查及粪便处理效果分析  

CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY OF THE LATRINE INNOVATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF THE EXCREMENT DISPOSAL IN SICHUAN PROVINCE

作　　者：金立坚[1] 张成云[1] 颜玲[1] 朱鸿斌[1] 田洪春[1] 刘常华[1] 蔡梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川省疾病预防控制中心,成都610041

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2009年第3期427-429,438,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：[目的]了解血吸虫病流行地区农村无害化卫生厕所建设和管理的状况,评价其对粪便处理的效果及其影响因素,指导血吸虫病流行地区的改厕工作。[方法]依照中国疾病预防控制中心制订的全国血吸虫流行地区无害化卫生厕所粪便处理效果评价方案,采取问卷、现场座谈、粪便采样监测等方法对改厕村和未改厕村进行调查分析。[结果]调查的180户厕所中出粪口高度有90%不符合要求,厕屋有24%不完整,卫生状况只有6.1%较好,卫生知识知晓率有60.2%农户不知道血吸虫病的传播途径,其中120户无害化卫生厕所中有77.5%的粪渣未经处理直接用作农肥;粪便监测效果为三格化粪池出粪口大肠菌值达标率为88.33%,活蛔率为5.24%,沼气池出粪口大肠菌值达标率为50%,活蛔率为2.32%,三格池与沼气池厕所无害化效果比较有统计学意义,卫生厕所与非卫生厕所无害化效果比较差异有统计学意义。[结论]改厕后粪便能达到无害化效果,但改厕现状不容乐观,沼气池除菌效果还存在问题,改厕应注意建厕技术及建后管理维护,加强改厕技术指导。[Objective] To understand the condition of the construction and the management of the rural sanitary harmless latrine in the schistosomiasis epidemic area, assess the risk factor and the effect of the disposal of the excrement, guide the latrine innovation work in the schistosomiasis epidemic area. [Methods] Basing on the CDC latrine excrement disposal assess scheme in schistosomiasis epidemic area. used the questionnaire, on-site discussion, the excrement sample inspection, etc. to survey and analyze the reformational country and unreformatinal country. [Results] In the 180 household toilets, 90 percent of the height of outlet of excrement was out of request. 24 percent of the devices of the toilet was not integrated, as sanitary con- dition, 6.1 percent was good, 60.2 percent person did not know the infective ways of schistosomiasis. Via the 120 harmless sanitary toilets, 77.5 percent of its excrement was directly used for agriculture. 88.33 percent of the MPN of the outlet of the toilet was qualified, 5.24 percent of the outlet could find the active roundworm. For the biogas pool, half of the MPN in the outlet were qualified, 2.32 percent of the pools had active roundworm, the results between the three-grille feces innocuous disposal pool and the biogas pool had statistic discrepancy, the results of the effect between sanitary latrines and unsanitary latrines had statistic discrepancy. [Conclusion] After the innovation of the latrine, the excrement is harmless, but the condition the innovation is not optimistic, the effect of sterilization of the biogas pools still has some problems. The innovation should be paid attention to the construction technology and daily protection and management after the construction. We should enhance the guide of the innovation.

关 键 词：农村厕所 无害化 效果 

分 类 号：R195[医药卫生—卫生统计学]