科学中的积累优势理论——默顿及其学派的探究  

The Theory of the Accumulation of Advantage:Studies by Mertonian School

作　　者：欧阳锋[1] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学哲学系,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《厦门大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2009年第1期106-113,共8页Journal of Xiamen University(A Bimonthly for Studies in Arts & Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"默顿的科学规范论研究和科学规范的当代建构"(06BZX027)

摘　　要：默顿及其学派经长期的不懈探索,提出了积累优势理论并不断丰富其内涵。该理论揭示了科学领域成就、奖励和获得资源之间的互动机制,对科学家的角色表现、承认的高度集中和分层现象,提供了一种动态的结构性解释,有助于我们理解科学活动的社会本性,注意积累优势及马太效应的正面和负面作用,从而促进科学资源的合理分配。积累优势理论仍是一个发展中的理论,一些理论和经验性问题还需进一步研究。The theory of the accumulation of advantage was conceptualized and enriched continually by Merton and Mertonian school through long and persistent explorations. This theory reveals the mechanism of interplay between scientific achievements, rewards and access to resources. It provides a dynamic structural account of how role performance and recognition in science come to be sharply concentrated. It contributes to our understanding of the social nature of science so that we pay attention to the positive and negative results of the accumulation of advantage and the Matthew effect with a view to promoting rational distributions of resources in science. There are still some unresolved problems, theoretical and empirical, in the theory of the accumulation of advantage which continues to evolve.

关 键 词：默顿 默顿学派 积累优势 马太效应 

分 类 号：K81[历史地理—历史学]