一起学校甲型肝炎暴发疫情传播因素和扩散方式研究  

STUDY ON THE TRANSMISSION FACTORS AND SPREAD WAY OF TYPE A HEPATITIS OUTBREAK IN SCHOOL

作　　者：庞武贵[1] 陈明[1] 刘义威[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西玉林市疾病预防控制中心,玉林537000

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2009年第2期349-350,355,共3页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：[目的]探讨学校甲型病毒性肝炎暴发疫情传播因素和传播扩散方式,为制定疫情控制措施提供科学依据。[方法]应用描述性流行病学方法对甲型病毒性肝炎暴发病例进行调查统计分析,重点调查分析甲肝暴发疫情的感染传播因素和扩散方式,了解感染扩散的传播链及其构成比。[结果]共发生感染和病例159例,罹患率8.33%;存在密切接触、饮食或饮水的混合感染方式传播,但以密切接触的方式传播为主,占64.15%,经饮水或饮食方式传播占35.85%;传播链主要为:班-宿舍(混合宿舍)-班-宿舍(混合宿舍)的密切接触方式传播。学校基本办学条件和卫生状况比较差,疫情的发现和报告不及时,末能及时采取有效控制措施,甲肝疫苗免疫空白是疫情传播扩散的重要原因。[结论]感染传播方式的构成比可能与疫情的发生发展及疫情的控制措施效果有关。[Objective] To analyze the transmission factors and spread way of viral hepatitis type A outbreak in school, and to develop a scientific basis for controlling viral hepatitis type A. [ Methods] Descriptive epidemiology was used to investigate viral hepatitis type A outbreak cases, focused on the transmission factors and spread way of viral hepatitis type A outbreak in order to know the chain of transmission and ratio of its components. [Results] A total of 159 cases infected with HAV, the incidence rate were 8.33%; those cases were infected through close contact, food or drinking water and so on, hut close contact was the main transmission, accounted for 64.15%. Drinking water or eating dissemination made up of 35.85% ; classesdormitory （mixed dormitory） -classes-dormitory （mixed dormitory） was the main chains of transmission. Poor school condition and health status, failing to timely reporting and founding the HAV infection eases, ineffectively taking preventive measures and lacking of viral HAV vaccine were the main reasons for the transmission of HAV. [Conclusion] The composition of transmission and infection may be related to the occurrence and development of tbe epidemic and the effect of control measures. We have put forward effective advices to control the transmission and spread of viral hepatitis type A.

关 键 词：甲型病毒性肝炎 暴发 传播因素 传播方式 

分 类 号：R512.61[医药卫生—内科学]