旅游产业集群的生态位策略研究  

RESEARCH ON THE NICHE STRATEGY OF TOURISM INDUSTRY CLUSTER

作　　者：王兆峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉首大学商学院,吉首416000

出　　处：《人文地理》2009年第1期12-15,118,共5页Human Geography

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(05XJY025);湖南省科技创新团队支持计划项目

摘　　要：生态位概念最早源于生态学,近年来其在社会与经济学科领域的应用越来越广泛,也为研究旅游产业集群的竞争策略提供了一个新思路。利用生态位理论研究如何使我国旅游产业集群选择正确的生态位策略,明确其核心竞争力,摆脱发展困境具有重要的现实意义。本研究首先对生态位的相关研究进行了综述,认为产业集群生态位是其在区域生态系统中利用自身条件占有区域资源的空间;并结合旅游产业集群的特点,提出了旅游产业集群生态位的概念和特点。旅游产业集群的生态位包括旅游资源生态位、集群管理生态位、集群环境生态位三个方面,其中旅游资源生态位是旅游产业集群生态位的基础,集群管理生态位是旅游产业集群生态位发展的动力,集群环境生态位是旅游产业集群生态位发展的支撑条件。然后分析了旅游产业集群生态位的变迁特征,提出旅游产业集群生态位并不是一成不变的,旅游资源本身的条件、集群管理状况、区域社会条件、其他集群的竞争等都会导致旅游产业集群生态位的扩充或压缩。最后针对我国旅游产业集群的发展,基于生态位理论提出生态位的泛化、特化与优化三种策略。In recent years, the niche theory is used more and more in social and economic domain. The concept of niche, offering a new way for the competition strategy research of the industry cluster, is essentially a description of the relative positions and roles formed in the interaction process between the organisms in a particular ecosystem and their environment. It has very important practical significance to study how to choose the correct niche strategy, identify one＇s core competitiveness, and break away from the development difficulties for the tourism industry cluster （TIC） in China. The paper firstly summarizes the correlated theory research on the niche, and proposes that the industry cluster niche is its occupied resource space in the regional ecosystem through its own conditions, and further more brings forward the concept and features of the TIC niche based on its characteristics. The niche of TIC, defined in a certain range relatively, is an estate formed after the interaction between the features of the TIC. The TIC niche consists of tourism resources, the cluster management and the cluster environmental niche. The niche of the tourism resources is the basis of the niche of TIC, and the niche of cluster management is the dynamics for its development while the niche of clusters＇ environment is the support. The article analyzes the change characteristics of TIC niche. TIC niche is not immutable, and would constantly change with the change of its own conditions and the external environment. Many factors will lead to the niche expansion or niche compression of TIC. Finally, this paper provides three niche strategies for the development of TIC in China, including the niche generalization, the niche specialization and the niche optimization.

关 键 词：旅游产业集群 生态位 生态位构成 生态位变迁 生态位策略 

分 类 号：F590[经济管理—旅游管理]