不同作物秸秆还土对玉米及土壤肥力的影响  

Effects of Different Crop Straw on Maize Yield and Soil Fertility

作　　者：郑元红 潘国元 何开强 张光旭 杨永奎 

机构地区：[1]贵州省毕节地区经作站,贵州毕节551700 [2]贵州省毕节地区农业局,贵州毕节551700 [3]贵州省纳雍县土肥站,贵州纳雍553300 [4]贵州省毕节地区土肥站,贵州毕节551700

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2009年第1期77-78,共2页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省重大攻关后补项目"贵州省中低产旱地粮食平衡丰产增效科技工程"[黔科合NZ字(2005)3011]

摘　　要：为了研究不同作物秸秆培肥地力的作用，进而提高旱地地力水平，对不同作物秸秆还土对玉米及土壤肥力的影响进行了试验。结果表明．不同作物秸秆还土后具有一定的增产作用，其中，玉米秸秆和烤烟秸秆还土的增产效果最显著，比CK增产24．82％～25．69％，其次是油菜秸秆和马铃薯秸秆的还土处理，比CK增产18．40％～19．44％，小麦秸秆比CK增产8．33％。不同秸秆还土能不同程度增加土壤的有机质、全氮、碱解氮，保持速效磷、速效钾的平衡，其中，烤烟秸秆增加速效钾量能力强；玉米秸秆对提高土壤有机质、增加氮素作用较强；油菜秸秆由于腐熟快，增加氮素能力最强；马铃薯秸秆和小麦秸秆相对其他秸秆培肥地力能力稍差。秸秆还土可以改善玉米的生育性状，从而促进玉米增产。The different crop straws were returned to the soil to study the effects on maize yield and soil fertility. The results showed that the maize yields with maize and tobacco straw, rape and potato straw, and wheat straw treatments increased by 24. 82% to 25. 69%, 18. 40% to 19. 44% and 8. 33% compared with CK respectively. Different straws can increase soil organic matter, total nitrogen and alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content and keep the balance between active P and active K in the soil. The tobacco straw has the strong ability to increase soil active K content, the maize straw is better to enhancing soil organic matter and N content, the rape straw has the strongest ability to increase N content, and potato and wheat straw has the lower ability to increase soil fertility. The crop straws increase maize yield by improving maize growing characters

关 键 词：作物秸秆 秸秆还土 土壤肥力 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]