吉林省大豆品种遗传改良过程中茎部性状的演变  

Stem evolution of soybean cultivars during genetic improvement in Jilin Province

作　　者：赵颖君[1] 徐克章[1] 李大勇[1] 赵洪祥[1] 张治安[1] 田伟华[1] 孙伟博[1] 杨光宇[2] 陆静梅[3] 

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学农学院,吉林长春130118 [2]吉林省农业科学院农业资源与环境中心,吉林长春130124 [3]东北师范大学生命科学院,吉林长春130024

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2008年第4期417-422,共6页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30370862)

摘　　要：以吉林省1923-2005年育成的30个大豆(Glycine max)品种为材料,通过2005和2006两年田间试验对茎部性状演化及其与产量的关系进行研究。结果表明,产量随育成年代呈线性增加,根据回归方程计算,产量从1923年的1 197.80kg.hm-2增加到2005年的2 305.545kg.hm-2,82年来增加了1 107.73kg.hm-2,平均每年增加14.60kg.hm-2;不同年代育成大豆品种间茎部性状差异显著,植株高度降低,倒伏指数下降,茎直径明显增加,主茎分枝减少,节数增多,节间明显缩短,植株抗倒伏能力随年代的演替明显增强,但株高不宜继续降低,应保持在80cm左右为宜;通过相关分析表明,产量与株高、分枝数、倒伏指数、节间长度相关均达到显著水平(P≤0.05),并且株高、节数和节间长度对产量产生的直接效应较大,说明在遗传改良过程中茎部性状与产量关系密切,在品种选育和高产栽培过程中可以作为选择的依据。The objective of this study was to examine changes of soybean stub types associated with 3U soybean cultivars of 82 years applied in the production in Jilin province. Results showed that soybean yield significantly increased lineally with cultivars improvement. Yield improvement was calculated from the regression equation 1 197.80kg · hm^-2 of 1923 to 2 305.54 kg · hm^-2 of 2005 ,and average increased 14.60kg · hm^ -2（ 1.12% ） per year. The results of a combined analysis of variance over years showed that cultivars were significandy different for all characteristics. Plant height and lodging index decreased with the increase of stem diameter;Number of branches was decreased with the increase of number of node ; Length of inter - node was increasingly shortened with resistance improvement of stem with year of release. The results showed that plant height should be decreased and be kept below 82cm. Analysis of correlation coefficients,indicated a positive correlation between yield and plant height, number branches, lodging index,length of inter - node, significantly. So, some traits of stem were key criteria on selecting and breeding high -yield cultivars.

关 键 词：茎 倒伏指数 遗传改良 大豆 产量 

分 类 号：S565.103.2[农业科学—作物学]