东晋道士发明火药新说  

The New Statement of the Gunpowder in the Eastern Jin Dynasty

作　　者：容志毅[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西民族大学物理与电子工程学院科技史研究中心,南宁530007

出　　处：《化学通报》2009年第2期188-192,共5页Chemistry

摘　　要：唐代道士最先发明火药的说法似乎已为学界所普遍接受。但是通过对东晋道教炼丹经诀《太上八景四蕊紫浆五珠降生神丹方经》的研究,发现还在东晋时,道士炼丹配方中所用的雄黄、雌黄、硝石和薰陆香等粉末状药物,事实上就已经包含了传统火药中"一硝、二黄、三木炭"的基本组成成份,而且为了防止爆炸的发生,道士们还有意采取了多种防范措施。这表明最初的火药雏形似可上溯至东晋甚至更早,从而有可能改写唐代火药发明说这一影响巨大的结论,并将火药的发明时间至少提前约550年。It has seemed been generally accepted for the educational circles that the Taoist priest in the Tang Dynasty invented the gunpowder. But anyway, we have found in the Taoism alchemical book of 《Tai Shang Ba Jing Si Rui Zi Jiang Wu Zhu Jiang Sheng Shen Dan Fang Jing》that Realgar, Orpiment, Sal Nitri and Olibanum had been included in the Taoism＇ s alchemical medicine still in the Eatern Jin Dynasty, that means the embryonic form of the traditional gunpowder of ＂Sal Nitri the first, Sulfur the second, Charcoal the third＂ had been applied in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, more over, to prevent the explosion, Taoist priests have also taken several kinds of precautionary measures. These finds indicate the invention of the gunpowder should be traced back to the Eastern Jin Dynasty, more previous than the conclusion before about 550 years.

关 键 词：火药发明时间 东晋 《太上八景四蕊紫浆五珠降生神丹方经》 

分 类 号：K237.2[历史地理—历史学]