震后灾民临时安置点传染病流行危险因素及防制对策  

Epidemiological Risk Factors of Communicable Disease among Earthquake Survivors in Temporary Shelters and Its Preventive Countermeasures

作　　者：谢仁圣 金银斐 王霞东[2] 刘建华 徐东利[4] 倪锦标 

机构地区：[1]江苏省如皋市卫生监督所,226500 [2]南通市卫生监督所 [3]通州市卫生监督所 [4]海门市卫生监督所 [5]启东市卫生监督所

出　　处：《职业与健康》2009年第4期427-430,共4页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的探讨震后灾民临时安置点传染病流行危险因素及防制对策。方法根据笔者在木瓜坪村灾民临时安置点近1个月的卫生防病工作情况,分析安置点存在的传染病流行危险因素:①人员高度集聚;②居住环境及居住条件差;③灾民体质和抵抗力下降;④饮食安全存在隐患;⑤饮用水水量、水质难以保障;⑥缺乏有效的传染病监测、报告体系。采取的防制措施:①建立传染病应急监测体系;②组织开展对安置点环境的清理和消杀工作;③对集中伙食点和饮用水实施跟踪保障;④恢复灾后免疫接种;⑤开展对灾后卫生防病知识的应急宣传。结果临时安置期间,木瓜坪村共有15名村民出现发热、腹泻或发热+腹泻症状,均为散发。未发生传染病疫情、食物中毒、饮水污染事故或其他突发公共卫生事件。结论①灾民临时安置阶段是传染病防控的关键时期;②该阶段的传染病防治必须采取综合防制措施;③建立应急传染病防制网络是灾后防病的重要措施。[ Objective] To discuss the existing risks factors of communicable disease for earthquake survivors in temporary shelters and preventive countermeasures. [ Methods ] The existing epidemiological risk factors of communicable disease in shelters was analyzed, according to the author＇s working experience of health supervision in temporary shelters in Muguaping illage for a month： （1）A crowded population; 2）Poor living conditions; （3）Decreasing Physique and resistance; （4）Risk in food;（5）Hard guarantee of the amount and quality of drinking water; （6）Lack of monitoring and reporting system on communicable disease. Prevention countermeasures： （1）The establishment of emergency system of monitoring communicable disease ; （2）Carrying out environmental cleaning-up and disinfection ; （3）Monitoring and ensuring the security of drinking water and centralized dining place; （4）Restoration of immunization; （5）Publicize the knowledge of communicable disease. [ Results] During this period, 15 villagers in Muguaping Village had symptoms of fever, diarrhea or both fever and diarrhea, all were sporadic cases. No epidemic of communicable disease, food poisoning, water pollution or other sudden public health incidents occurred. [ Conclusion] （1）The period of temporary shelters is the critical period of preventing communicable disease; （2）Comprehensive prevention and control measures of communicable disease during this period must be carried out; （3）The establishment of infectious disease emergency control system is the important measure for disease prevention after disaster.

关 键 词：地震 传染病防制 对策 

分 类 号：R181.8[医药卫生—流行病学]