劳资契约安排的制度逻辑——无固定期限劳动合同的法律经济学重读  

Institutional Logic of the Arrangements in Labor-Capital Contracts:A Reflection of At-will Contracts in the Perspective of Law and Economics

作　　者：吴元元[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学法学院,四川成都610074

出　　处：《现代法学》2009年第1期44-52,共9页Modern Law Science

摘　　要：无固定期限劳动合同引发了任何规则建构都必须依循其内在制度逻辑这一普适性的法理学命题。基于法律经济学的分析视角,无论是《劳动合同法》还是配套的《实施条例》,无固定期限劳动合同皆无法保护员工的职业稳定权,反而损害了同样值得珍视的就业权,引发了一系列影响就业数量、就业质量的利益再分配效应。缘于人力资本在监督、计量上的技术难度,企业无法就员工是否"不能胜任工作"等常规合同解除条件给出满足可观察、可检验要件的客观证据,无法满足司法治理机制的"外部视角"对于证据可观察、可检验的刚性约束,《劳动合同法》赋予企业的合同解除抗辩权不具有司法操作意义。在劳动力结构性过剩的背景下,以提升劳动者职业技能、降低其可替代性来提高企业解除劳资契约关系的退出成本,应当是更有助于激励企业保持稳定的劳资契约关系、节省执法成本的可行进路。At-will employment contracts typically demonstrate that no rule can be framed without observing its inherent institutional logic, which is a universal jurisprudential doctrine. Viewing from the perspective of law and economics, one can only find that neither the Employment Contract Act nor the Implementing Regulations of the Employment Act can secure that the employee has a secured job by way of entering into an at-will employment contract. Such a contract, on the contrary, may infringe the same valuable employment right and thus results in a redistribution of interests that may impair the employment rate or quality. Due to the technical difficulties in supervising and estimating human capital＇ s achievements, firms tend to fail to produce sufficient objective evidence to prove that an employee is ＂unfit for his/her work,＂ a regular requirement for rescinding the employment contract, and thus fail to satisfy the demand of the judicial governance mechanism that an evidence be observable and verifiable from ＂outside perspective. ＂ Therefore, the defense against disputes arising out of rescinding an employment contract accorded to firms by the Employment Contract Act seems of no significance in judicial practice. In the context of structural labor surplus, to help the employee to improve his/her skill so as to remove the possibility of being replaced is by far more conducive to the firms＇ maintenance of labor-capital contractual relationship. Consequently, law enforcement cost will be reduced.

关 键 词：无固定期限劳动合同 利益再分配 抗辩事由 司法治理机制 退出成本 

分 类 号：D922.52[政治法律—民商法学] F279.245[政治法律—法学]