油菜不同产量类型品种氮素吸收与利用特性研究  

Characteristics of Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) with Different Seed Yield

作　　者：左青松[1] 唐瑶[1] 石剑飞[1] 杨光[1] 惠飞虎[2] 冷锁虎[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,农业部长江中下游作物生理生态与栽培重点开放实验室,扬州225009 [2]江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所,扬州225007

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2009年第3期117-121,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：江苏省农业科技支撑计划"广适高效油菜的分子聚合育种及配套栽培关键技术研究"(BE2008369);江苏省农机三项工程项目"油菜生产机械化配套农艺技术试验研究"(NJ2006-43)

摘　　要：探讨甘蓝型油菜不同产量类型品种氮素吸收与利用特性。在不同土壤肥力条件下以甘蓝型油菜品种(2006—2007年度73个、2007—2008年度98个)为材料,成熟期测定各器官干物重、氮素含量,采用组内最小平方和动态聚类方法对供试品种产量进行聚类。研究不同产量类型品种氮素积累与分配差异。结果表明:供试品种间产量差异很大,类型间差异显著。随着产量增加,氮素吸收总量、氮素籽粒生产效率增加,籽粒氮素积累量增加,茎枝、果壳氮素分配比例下降,籽粒氮素比例增加。土壤肥力高,植株吸氮总量增加,氮素籽粒生产效率降低。增加氮素吸收总量,促进氮素向籽粒中输送,使得高产和高氮素利用效率统一。To study the characteristics of nitrogen absorption and utilization of rapeseed （Brassica napus. L.） with different types of seed yield. Under different soil fertility conditions, 73 and 98 conventional rapeseed cuhivars were cultured in 2006-2007 and 2007-2008, respectively. Through testing dry matter weight and the nitrogen content of different organs, the tested rapeseed cultivars were classified into 6 types based on seed yield by the MinSSw method, to study their characteristics of nitrogen accumulation and distribution. The results indicated that difference of seed yield in different types varied significantly. With increasing of seed yield, the total nitrogen amount of plant and nitrogen utilization efficiency for grain production increased. With increasing of seed yield, the nitrogen accumulation amount of seed increased, the ratio of nitrogen accumulation of stem and branches and shell to total nitrogen amount of plant reduced, and the ratio of nitrogen accumulation of seed to total nitrogen amount of plant increased. With increasing of soil fertility, the total amount of nitrogen accumulation increased, but the nitrogen utilization efficiency for grain production induced. To get high seed yield and high nitrogen utilization efficiency in rapeseed production, increasing the total nitrogen amount of plant and making nitrogen translocation from nutritious organs to seed.

关 键 词：甘蓝型油菜 产量 氮素吸收 氮素利用 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]