论汉字结构之新框架  

Research on the New Frame of the Chinese Character Structure

作　　者：黄天树[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学文学院,北京100037

出　　处：《南昌大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2009年第1期131-136,共6页Journal of Nanchang University(Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家教育部人文社科"十五"规划项目"殷商甲骨文音系研究"(01JA740015)

摘　　要："六书"说是汉代学者创立的关于汉字结构的系统理论。它比较切合秦汉小篆的结构类型,但不能囊括各个历史时期所有的汉字结构类型。为此,笔者建议在"六书"说的框架之上,建立一个层级更高的汉字结构之新框架。这个新框架便是"二书"说。"二书"说以字形结构中是否含有声符(或"表声成分")作为分类标准,把汉字分成"无声符字"和"有声符字"两大类型。"无声符字"使用意符。"有声符字"或单用声符,如假借字等;或兼用意符和声符,如形声字等。"二书"说既契合最早的汉字体系如商代甲骨文的结构类型,也适合秦汉小篆及其后世各个历史时期的字形结构类型。＂Liu - Shu＂ theory is a system of theories on Chinese characters structure, which was established by the scholar in the Han Dynasty. This theory is consonant with the type of Xiao Zhuan structure but it cannot be used to all types of Chinese characters structure in the whole history. Hence, the author of this paper proposes that under the framework of ＂Liu - Shu＂ theory, a new and higher level of framework for Chinese characters structure should be created. And this new framework exactly is ＂Er - Shu＂ theory. According to the ＂Er - Shu＂ theory, Chinese characters are divided into two groups：character without phonetic element and character with phonetic element. The former is signified by semantic element. As to the latter, there are two different situations：one is signified only by phonetic element, like phonetic loan characters;the other is signified by both phonetic element and semantic element,like pictophonetic characters. Accordingly,＂ Er - Shu＂ theory is consonant with all the types of Chinese characters structure, not only oracle bone inscriptions but also Xiao Zhuan and the others.

关 键 词：汉字 结构 新框架 二书 

分 类 号：H122[语言文字—汉语]