儿童1294例变应原皮肤点刺试验结果及分析  

1294 cases of child allergen skin prick test analysis.

作　　者：葛春龙[1] 郝创利[1] 

机构地区：[1]苏州大学附属儿童医院呼吸科,江苏苏州215003

出　　处：《临床和实验医学杂志》2009年第2期55-57,共3页Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine

摘　　要：目的探讨苏州地区儿童皮肤变应原试验在儿童支气管哮喘和/或变态反应性鼻炎中的分布及临床意义。方法选用丹麦ALK公司的18种变应原进行检测,组胺作阳性对照,生理盐水作阴性对照。分别对1 294例患支气管哮喘和/或变态反应性鼻炎的儿童进行皮肤点刺试验。结果变应原点刺试验总阳性检出率为76.7%(993/1294),其中吸入性变应原阳性率76.0%(984/1 294),粉尘螨75.4%(976/1 294)、屋尘螨72.6%(939/1 294)、草花粉25.7%(333/1 294)、狗毛19.2%(249/1 294)、梧桐16.8%(218/1 294)。食物性变应原阳性率21.0%(272/1 294),其中蛋白6.0%(77/1 294),海虾3.3%(43/1 294)、花生2.8%(36/1 294)、黄鳝2.7%(35/1 294)、牛奶2.5%(32/1294)。吸入性变应原与食物性变应原同时存在有46.3%(599/1 294)。3～7岁和7～14岁组的吸入性变应原阳性率显著高于3月～3岁组,食物性变应原阳性率3月～3岁组高于其他两组,3～7岁和7～14岁组之间无显著差异。各年龄组吸入性变应原均以粉尘螨、屋尘螨居多;食物性变应原阳性率3月～3岁组以蛋白为主,3～7岁和7～14岁组则以海虾、花生常见。结论儿童吸入性变应原引起变态反应性疾病的主要致敏原为粉尘螨、屋尘螨。食物性变应原则按年龄的不同有所差异。吸入性变应原阳性率2～4月和11～1月明显高于5～7月和8～10月,食物性变应原阳性率2～4月和8～10月高于5～7月和11～1月。Objective Suzhou of skin allergies in children in the original trial in children with asthma and / or allergic rhinitis in the distribution and clinical significance. Methods Choose to use Denmark ALK Company＇s 18 kinds of allergen to test, use histamine for the positive control, use normal saline for negative control. By using skin-prick, test for1,294 cases were suffering from bronchial asthma and/or allergic rhinitis diseases in children. Results The origin of allergic prick test positive rate is 76.7 percent （993/1 294 ） , which inhalation allergens positive rate76% （984/1 294） , dust mites is 75.4% （976/1 294） , house dust mites 72.6 % （939/1 294） and grass pollen 25.7% （333/1 294） , feather of dogs 19.2% （249/1 294）, phoenix tree 16.8% （218/1 294）. Food allergens positive rate is 21.0% （272/1 294）, of which protein 6.0% （77/1 294）, shrimp 3.3% （43/1 294）, peanut 2.8% （36/1 294）, rice field eel 2.7% （35/1 294）, milk 2.5 % （32/1 294 ）. That inhalation allergens and food allergens exist at the same time is 46.3 % （599/1 294 ）. Inhalation allergens positive rate of 3 -year -old to 7 -year - old and 7 - year - old to 14 - year - old group is significantly higher than three months to 3 - year - old group, food allergens positive rate of throe months to 3 - year - old group is higher than the other two groups, between 3 - year - old to 7 - year - old and 7 - year - old to 14 - year - old group was not significantly different. Inhalation allergens of each group are mostly dust mites and house dust mites ; Food allergens positive rate of 3 months to 3 - year - old group is mainly to protein, 3 - year - old to 7 - year - old and 7 - year - old to 14 - year - old group is common of shrimps and peanuts. Conclusion Allergic diseases of children are caused by inhalation allergens is dust mite and house dust mites. Food allergens are different from different ages in principle. Inhaled allergens positive rate in February - April and November ～ January was s

关 键 词：变应原 变应原点刺试验 支气管哮喘 变态反应性鼻炎 

分 类 号：R446.6[医药卫生—诊断学]