包膜肥料膜结构及养分释放动力学特性  

Membrane Structure and Nutrient Release Kinetics of the Coated Fertilizer

作　　者：熊又升[1] 陈明亮[2] 袁家富[1] 赵书军[1] 彭成林[1] 徐祥玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所,武汉430064 [2]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2008年第6期736-740,共5页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2006BAD05B09);国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2005CB121107);湖北农业科技创新中心项目(2007-620-003-03-06)资助

摘　　要：采用电子显微镜探讨了3种有机聚合物包膜肥料的膜结构和厚度与养分释放的关系。扫描电镜的图像分析结果显示,膜的基本结构为叠加层状,叠层间有微小颗粒或孔隙,包膜尿素、包膜磷铵-1和包膜磷铵-2的膜平均厚度分别为65μm、35μm和45μm。膜的叠层致密程度和厚度与养分释放速度成负相关关系。采用电超滤(EUF)在短时间内确定包膜肥料氮养分释放量(g/kg)和时间(min)的关系,用数学方程进行拟合,建立了包膜尿素、包膜磷铵-1和包膜磷铵-2的氮养分释放动力学经验方程分别为y=2.162x-3.973,y=2.817x+20.867和y=2.434x+4.733。从而,可以快速鉴别包膜肥料的控释特性。The relationship hetween the membrane structure and the nutrient release of fertilizers coated by organic polymer was studied with electron microscope. The structure and thickness of membrane in coated urea and coated ammonium phosphorus（MAP）were determined by scanning electron microscope （SEM）. The basic structure of membrane is micro-laminated, interlayer surface with tiny granular or ultra-micro hole. The average membrane thickness of coated urea （CU） and coated ammonium phosphorus（CMAP-1） and coated ammonium phosphorus（CMAP-2） was 65 μm, 35 μm and 45 μm, respectively. The relationship between the micro-laminated density and thickness of membrane and nutrient release of coated fertilizers was negative. The relationship between the nitrogen nutrient release of coated fertilizers and time can be determined by electron ultra-filter （EUF） in a short time. Nitrogen nutrient released rules were modeled with math equation. The kinetics equations of nitrogen released from CU and CMAP-1 and CMAP-2 were established as y=2. 162x-3. 973,y=2. 817x＋ 20. 867 and y=2. 434x＋ 4. 733. The controlled characteristic of coated fertilizer can be discriminated rapidly.

关 键 词：电子显微镜 包膜肥料膜结构 电超滤 养分释放动力学 

分 类 号：S145.5[农业科学—肥料学]