精确滴灌施肥技术对大棚土壤盐渍化和氮磷流失控制的研究  

Control of Soil Salinization and Reduction of N & P Loss with Drip Fertigation in Greenhouse

作　　者：郭春霞[1] 沈根祥[1] 黄丽华[1] 钱晓雍[1] 徐小辉 Massimo Pugliese 

机构地区：[1]上海市环境科学研究院,上海200233 [2]上海上实现代农业开发有限公司,上海202183 [3]意大利都灵大学农业环境能力创新中心,都灵10095

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2009年第2期287-291,共5页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：中国-意大利环境保护合作项目

摘　　要：针对温室大棚盐渍化土壤灌水洗盐而导致的农业面源污染问题,以常规肥水管理方式为对照,在上海崇明东滩温室大棚采用土壤次生盐渍化监测、灌水洗盐过程模拟和农作物生产试验等方法研究精确滴灌施肥技术在降低土壤次生盐渍化程度和减少农田氮磷流失中的作用。结果表明,滴灌施肥技术可有效降低农田表层土壤的盐分积累速度,以此降低洗盐频次,进而显著削减温室大棚因灌水洗盐而引起的氮磷流失负荷。当滴灌施肥区洗盐频次降低为常规区的一半时,总氮、总磷、硝氮和氨氮的年流失负荷较常规方式削减45%～53%,而作物产量基本可以保持;当洗盐频次降低为常规区的1/4时,总氮、总磷、硝氮和氨氮的年流失负荷的削减率达58%～75%,但后茬作物减产明显。Effects of drip fertigation （the application of fertilizer through drip irrigation system ）strategy on the control of soil salinization and reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus loss have been studied through the field monitoring of soil quality, salt-washing simulation trial and the crop production evaluation in greenhouse. The results indicated that with the drip fertigation strategy, the salt accumulation rate in the surface soil decreased, which reduced the salt-washing frequency. As a result, nitrogen and phosphorus loss was significantly decreased in a long run. When the salt-washing frequency was reduced by 50% compared with the conventional practice, the annual loss ofTN, TP, NO3-N and NH4- N could be reduced by 45%-53% without compromising the crop yield. When the salt-washing frequency was reduced by 75%, the annual loss of TN, TP, NO3-N and NH4＋-N could be even reduced by 58%-75%. However, in that case, the yield of the last crop was reduced too.

关 键 词：精确滴灌施肥 土壤盐渍化 灌水洗盐 总氮流失负荷 总磷流失负荷 

分 类 号：X502[环境科学与工程—环境工程]