太湖五里湖水域背角无齿蚌中汞的残留  

Residues of Mercury in the Bivalve Mussels Anodonta woodiana from the Wulihu Area of the Taihu,China

作　　者：刘洪波[1] 杨健[1] 甘居利[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院内陆渔业环境与资源重点开放实验室,中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心,江苏无锡214081 [2]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,广东广州510300

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2009年第2期411-415,共5页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：江苏省自然科学基金(BK2006030);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(6-115043);农业部渔业生态环境重点开放实验室开放基金课题(2007-1)

摘　　要：作为建立淡水环境下持久性污染物"背角无齿蚌观察"体系的又一尝试,利用NIC汞分析仪(MA-2000型)对采自太湖污染最严重水域——五里湖代表样点的背角无齿蚌(Anodonta woodiana)及用于对照的底泥中重金属汞的残留进行了测定。结果显示,汞在背角无齿蚌和底泥样本中的浓度平均值分别为0.005mg.kg-1干重和0.135mg.kg-1干重;浓度范围分别为0.000～0.011mg.kg-1干重和0.063～0.227mg.kg-1干重。蚌样和底泥样本中汞的残留浓度均明显低于国家相关的食品卫生(GB2762—1994)、限量标准(NY5073—2001),或农用淤泥(GB4284—1984)、土壤环境质量(GB15618—1995)标准。另外,底泥样本中汞的地积累指数(Igeo)仅为-1.96。两类样本中汞的残留状况一致反映出目前太湖五里湖水域汞的污染程度很低。近年来五里湖全湖水域的清淤工程应该是导致这种现象的原因。不同样点汞浓度的地理差异仅在底泥样本中达到显著水平。The Taihu is the third largest freshwater lake in China, and its watershed is one of the most developed regions of China for agriculture, industry and commerce, playing a critical role on water supply, tourism, fishery and navigation. As part of a pilot study of ＂Freshwater Mussel Watch＂ on persistent toxic substances, residues of mercury（Hg） in the soft tissues of eighteen bivalve mussels（A nodonta woodiana） and sediment samples collected from Wulihu area of the Taihu（ the most polluted area in the lake） were analyzed by a NIC Automatic Mercury Analyzer/MA-2000. The residual Hg levels of the mussels were detected and ranged 0.000-0.011 mg·kg-1 dry weight with an average of 0.005mg·kg-1 dry weight. The Hg detection rate for the mussels was 83%. Those of the sediment samples ranged 0.063- 0.227mg·kg-1 dry weight with an average of 0.135 mg·kg-1 dry weight. Hg levels of the mussels and sediments were significantly lower than the corresponding national standards for limit of Hg in foods （GB 2762--1994 and NY 5073--2001 ）, and sludges （GB 4284--1984 ） or soils （GB 15618--1995 ）, respectively. Additionally, the Hg index of geoaccumulation （Igeo） in the sediments was only -1.96. The residual Hg situations of both mussels and sediments suggested the same tendency that Hg contamination now in the Wulihu area is very low. This phenomenon should be caused by recent ecological silt dredging in whole Wulihu water area. Significant geographic difference was only documented in the sediment Hg levels.

关 键 词：监测 背角无齿蚌 汞 残留 五里湖 太湖 

分 类 号：X835[环境科学与工程—环境工程]